Beginning of Automobile Industry

Most of the Automobile concerns might know that the Registered Journey of Automobile started from UK back in 1860. Most of the intellectuals worked on the development of a successful Vehicle which could serve the need of the time. As the Journey Started from UK it went on in West (US), Europe (France & Germany), Asia Pacific & so on. Only successful Brands were heard whereas many merged into renowned brands or role down their private projects.

Automobiles successful Market has been revolving from UK, US, Germany, France, Japan, Korea & Now CHINA / Asia Pacific. Companies more or less have been learning from Top seller’s success stories. Almost every follower enhanced features & technology in-accordance to market demand by the passage of time. Companiesfocusing on R&D made it in the top Club of Big producers / sellers.

Today’s Automobile Companies are focusing on innovation based on mainly Safety, Comfort, Luxury& Economy.  There was a time when vehicles were sold through huge advertisements whereas now a days vehicles are sold based upon its Reputation / customer experience of Dealership & Product it-self.

This is the list of the 15 largest publicly-traded car manufacturers by market capitalization as of 23 January 2021, according to CompaniesMarket.

Share Holdings:

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

Notable current relationships include:^{[citation needed]}

• Daihatsu holds a 25% stake in Perodua.^[45]
• Daimler holds a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ.
• Daimler holds an 89.29% stake in Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation.
• Daimler holds a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Alliance, while Renault-Nissan Alliance holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG.
• Daimler holds a 12% stake in BAIC Group, while BAIC Group holds 5% stake in Daimler.^[46]
• Daimler holds an 85% stake in Master Motors.
• Dongfeng Motor holds a 12.23% stake and a 19.94% exercisable voting rights in PSA Groupe.
• FAW Group owns 49% of Haima Automobile.
• FCA holds a 10% stake in Ferrari.
• FCA holds a 67% stake in Fiat Automobili Srbija.
• FCA holds 37.8% of Tofaş with another 37.8% owned by Koç Holding.
• Fiat Automobili Srbija owns a 54% stake in Zastava Trucks.
• Fiat Industrial owns a 46% stake in Zastava Trucks.
• Fujian Motors Group holds a 15% stake in King Long. FMG, Beijing Automotive Group, China Motor, and Daimler has a joint venture called Fujian Benz. FMG, China Motor, and Mitsubishi Motors has a joint venture called Soueast, FMG holds a 50% stake, and both China Motor and Mitsubishi Motors holds an equal 25% stake.
• Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in The London Taxi Company.
• Geely Automobile holds a 49.9% stake in PROTON Holdings and a 51% stake in Lotus Cars.^[47]
• Geely Holding Group holds a 9.69% stake in Daimler AG.^[48]
• Geely Holding Group holds an 8.3% stake and a 15.9% exercisable voting rights in Volvo.
• General Motors holds a 93% stake in GM India and SAIC Group holds a 7% stake.
• General Motors holds a 94% stake in GM Korea and SAIC Group holds a 6% stake.
• General Motors holds a 20% stake in Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines.
• Isuzu owns 10% of Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines.
• Mahindra & Mahindra holds a 70% stake in SsangYong Motor .
• MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania.
• Marcopolo owns 19% of New Flyer Industries.
• Mitsubishi Group holds 20% of Mitsubishi Motors.
• Nissan owns 34% of Mitsubishi Motors since October 2016,^[49] thus having the right to nominate the chairman of Mitsubishi Motors’ board and a third of its directors.^[50]
• Nissan owns 43% of Nissan Shatai.
• Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% voting stake in Volkswagen Group. The Porsche automotive business is fully owned by the Volkswagen Group.
• Renault and Nissan Motors have an alliance (Renault-Nissan Alliance) involving two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 43.4% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares.
• Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ
• Renault holds an 80.1% stake in Renault Samsung.
• SAIPA holds a 51% stake in Pars Khodro.
• Tata Motors holds a 100% stake in Jaguar Land Rover.
• Toyota holds a 100% stake in Daihatsu.
• Toyota holds a 50.1% stake in Hino.
• Toyota holds a 5.9% stake in Isuzu.
• Toyota holds a 5.05% stake in Mazda, while Mazda holds 0.25% stake in Toyota.^[51]
• Toyota holds a 16.7% stake in Subaru Corporation, parent company of Subaru.
• Toyota holds a 4.94% stake in Suzuki, while Suzuki holds 0.2% stake in Toyota.^[52]
• Volkswagen Group holds a 99.55% stake in the Audi Group.
• Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), a 53.7% stake in MAN SE (55.9% voting rights), Volkswagen is integrating Scania, MAN and its own truck division into one division.
• Paccar has a 19% stake in Tatra.
• ZAP holds a 51% stake in Zhejiang Jonway.

Joint ventures

China joint venture

Beijing Automotive Group has a joint venture with Daimler called Beijing Benz, both companies hold a 50-50% stake. Both companies also have a joint venture called Beijing Foton Daimler Automobile.

• Beijing Automotive Group also has a joint venture with Hyundai called Beijing Hyundai, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
• BMW and Brilliance have a joint venture called BMW Brilliance . BMW owns a 50% stake, Brilliance owns a 40.5% stake, and the Shenyang municipal government owns a 9.5% stake.
• Changan Automobile has a joint venture with Groupe PSA (Changan PSA ), both hold a 50-50% stake.
• Changan Automobile has a joint venture with Suzuki (Changan Suzuki ), both hold a 50-50% stake.
• Changan Automobile has a 50-50% joint venture with Mazda (Changan Mazda ).
• Changan Automobile and Ford have a 50-50% joint venture called Changan Ford.
• Changan Automobile and JMCG have a joint venture called Jiangling Motor Holding.
• Chery has a joint venture with Jaguar Land Rover called Chery Jaguar Land Rover, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.^[53]
• Chery and Israel Corporation has a joint venture called Qoros, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
• Dongfeng Motor and Nissan have a 50-50% joint venture called Dongfeng Motor Company.
• Dongfeng Motor and PSA Group have a 50-50% joint venture called Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroen .
• Dongfeng Motor has a 50-50% joint venture with Honda called Dongfeng Honda .
• Dongfeng Motor has a joint venture with AB Volvo called Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel .
• Dongfeng Motor has a 50-50% joint venture with Renault named Dongfeng Renault in Wuhan, which was founded in the end of 2013
• FAW Group and General Motors has a 50-50 joint venture called FAW-GM.
• FAW Group has a 50-50 joint venture with Volkswagen Group called FAW-Volkswagen .
• FAW Group has a 50-50 joint venture with Toyota called Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor and both companies also have another joint venture called Ranz .
• General Motors and SAIC Motor, both have two joint ventures in SAIC-GM and SAIC-GM-Wuling.

By Chinese Companies out of China.

Daimler AG and BYD Auto have a joint venture called Denza, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.

• Daimler AG and Geely Holding Group have a joint venture called smart Automobile, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.^[54]
• Ford and Navistar International have a 50-50 joint venture called Blue Diamond Truck .
• Ford and Sollers JSC have a 50-50 joint venture called Ford Sollers .
• Ford and Koç Holding have a 50-50 joint venture called Ford Otosan .
• Ford and Lio Ho Group have a joint venture called Ford Lio Ho, Ford owns 70% and Lio Ho Group owns 30%.
• General Motors and UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture called GM Uzbekistan, UzAvtosanoat owns 75% and General Motors owns 25%.
• General Motors, AvtoVAZ, and EBRD have a joint venture called GM-AvtoVAZ, Both GM and AvtoVAZ owns 41.61% and EBRD owns 16.76%.
• Hyundai Motor Company and Kibar Holding has a joint venture called Hyundai Assan Otomotiv, Hyundai owns 70% and Kibar Holding owns 30%.
• Isuzu and Anadolu Group have a 50-50% joint venture called Anadolu Isuzu .
• Isuzu and General Motors has a 50-50% joint venture called Isuzu Truck South Africa .
• Isuzu, Sollers JSC, and Imperial Sojitz have a joint venture called Sollers-Isuzu, Sollers JSC owns 66%, Isuzu owns 29%, and Imperial Sojitz owns 5%.
• Mahindra & Mahindra and Navistar International have a joint venture called Mahindra Trucks and Buses Limited . Mahindra & Mahindra owns 51% and Navistar International owns 49%.
• Mahindra & Mahindra has a joint venture with Ford Motor Company in India, where Mahindra & Mahindra owns 51% and Ford owns 49%.
• MAN SE and UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture called MAN Auto-Uzbekistan, UzAvtosanoat owns 51% and MAN SE owns 49%.
• Navistar International and JAC has a joint venture called Anhui Jiaghuai Navistar .
• PSA and Toyota have a 50-50% joint venture called Toyota Peugeot Citroen Automobile Czech .
• PSA and CK Birla Group (AVTEC) have a 50-50% joint venture called PSA AVTEC Powertrain Pvt. Ltd.
• Sollers JSC is involved in joint ventures with Ford (Ford Sollers ) and Mazda to produce cars.
• Tata Motors also formed a joint venture in India with Fiat and gained access to Fiat’s diesel engine technology.
• Tata Motors and Marcopolo have a joint venture called Tata Marcopolo, where Tata owns 51% and Marcopolo owns 49%.
• Volvo Group and Eicher Motors has a 50-50% joint venture called VE Commercial Vehicles.

The above information has been gathered from different Media sources, Hence any variation in stated information is regretted in Advance.