Automark

The Pakistan Engineers Forum (PEF), convened an oath-taking ceremony to inaugurate the newly elected executive committee, for 2024 – 2026 in Qatar on last month.

The office-bearers are: Arshad Hussain Hashmi (president), Ahmed Javaid (vice-president). Ahsan lqbal (general secretary), Jaffar Iqbal (treasurer), Omer Faheem (information secretary), Rabat latif (joint secretary). The elected members are Syed Faiz Shah, Fezl Nadeem, Nahid Ali Ahmad, Junaid Mahar and Rafaqat Baig.

In his inaugural address, the newly appointed president Hashmi, expressed gratitude to the out -going president, Riyaz A Bakali and the preceding executive committee for their steadfast dedication and exemplary leadership during the previous term. “We are committed to upholding the core values of PEF while also exploring Innovative avenues to enhance the professional and personal growth of our members remarked Hashmi.

Bakali, In his farewell speech, lauded the achievements accomplished during his tenure, emphasising expansion d PEE’s outreach, the augmentation of professional development initiatives and the cultivation of a culture rooted in continues learning and excellence.

 “Our journey has been a testament to collective endeavor and unwavering commitment. I take immense pride in our collective accomplishments and have full confidence that the new leadership will further fortify this legacy;  stated Bakali.

The advisory board members Ajmal and Javed Iqbal extended gratitude to the outgoing president and executive committee while Chairman Hamid Rasul, presented the profiles of the newly appointed advisers.

Engr. Mansoor Rizvi, one of the advisors of Automark and Country Manager of Case NewHolland (CNH) met with the Counsel General of Italy Mr. Danilo Giurdanella on the occasion of the meet and greet party organized by Mr. Arif Qasim of MAQ International in the honor of a newly appointed Ambassador of Italy in Pakistan H.E Marilina Armellin at the local hotel in Karachi on May 04.

Engr. Rizvi thanked the Counsel General for his invaluable support in making it easy for the CNH liaison office to clear the consignment of donations of Tractors and Engines for the Agricultural Universities from Pakistan customs. Mr.Rizvi encouraged CG towards the immediate need to involve Italian agricultural machinery manufacturers and suppliers to develop contacts with the recipients of agricultural lands on lease under the program initiated and managed by the Pakistan army under the Land Information and Management System (LIMS) to enhance agriculture by contracting out 9 million ha culturable wasteland (restore unirrigated and waste land). There is a big need for suppliers to provide pivot irrigation systems and other equipment for these lands. Engr. Mansoor has assured that CNH is playing an active role in this program and providing a complete machinery plan to these players engaged in transforming fallow lands into cultivable lands.

H.E Danilo Giurdanella then arranged a brief talking session with H.E the Ambassador on this topic. The Ambassador was well informed about the program and showed her satisfaction and pleasure that the Italian Consulate was already engaged in it. H.E Marilina assured to extend her complete support to engage the Italian machinery manufacturers through the platform of Federunacoma to ensure Italy becomes the major partner in the Green Pakistan Initiative program. 

Dear Readers! In connection to my previous articles with the title “Know your Vehicle” focusing on the human touch behind automotive excellence and customer service, a customer-centric approach leads the customer smile. Let’s embark on a journey that unveils the surprising human touchpoints within the seemingly automated automotive manufacturing world.

We will discover how human ingenuity and expertise work hand-in-hand with cutting-edge technology to create the vehicle you know and love. In the past, owning a car meant imitating a bond with a complex machine, a relationship built on grease-stained hands and basic mechanical knowledge. Today, however, vehicles are aces of engineering, arranged by a symphony of electronics, but fear not! “Know Your Vehicle” is not just about understanding complex systems, this is about appreciating the vital role humans still play in bringing your car to life.At the “Know Your Vehicle” point, every component, every detail, is scrutinized with care and expertise, ensuring that each vehicle meets the highest standards of quality and performance. It’s a moment where the soul of the automobile is imbued with the expertise of skilled artisans, who bring decades of experience and craftsmanship to bear on every vehicle that rolls off the assembly line. From the precise alignment of body panels to the flawless finish of the paintwork, every aspect of the vehicle is meticulously inspected and perfected, reflecting a commitment to excellence that is the hallmark of automotive manufacturing.

The automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by factors like electric vehicles (EVs), automation, and digitalization. This transformation is reshaping everything from how cars are designed and manufactured to how we drive and interact with them. Imagine a world where your car seamlessly integrates with your digital life, where safety features become guardian angels on the road, and where the very concept of “ownership” might evolve. To navigate this changing landscape, manufacturers are placing a strong emphasis on reskilling and upskilling their workforce.

This driving force highlights the importance of investing in human capital as a key driver of innovation and growth in the automotive industry, as by prioritizing continuous learning and professional development, companies empower their employees to adapt to change, embrace new technologies, and drive meaningful impact within their organizations. As the industry continues to evolve, reskilling and upskilling initiatives will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of auto manufacturing and ensuring its long-term sustainability and success. Here’s a closer look at this crucial initiative, while the specific skills addressed in reskilling and upskilling programs will vary depending on the industry, the core concept is applicable across various sectors. In the ever-evolving landscape of auto manufacturing, where technology reigns supreme and innovation drives progress, the imperative of reskilling and upskilling the workforce emerges as a cornerstone of success. As we conclude our exploration of “Reskilling and Upskilling the Workforce: A Driving Force in Auto Manufacturing,” it becomes evident that investing in human capital is not just a strategic choice but a necessity for thriving in the digital age.

The scope of reskilling and upskilling is vast and constantly evolving, and the scope of reskilling and upskilling encompasses not just filling skill gaps but also fostering a culture of lifelong learning, adaptability, and a future-proof workforce prepared to thrive in an ever-changing global economy., but it can be broadly categorized into these main areas.

(i) Bridging the Skills Gap: The primary aim is to equip the workforce with the skills required to operate effectively in an environment driven by technological advancements. This might involve training for Electric Vehicle (EV) technology: Battery systems, charging infrastructure, and maintenance of EVs, Automation, and Robotics Programming, operation, and maintenance of robots used in manufacturing processes, data Analysis, and understanding data, using data analytics tools, and working with artificial intelligence applications in manufacturing, Protecting manufacturing systems and data from cyber threats.

(ii) Addressing Skill Deficiencies: Reskilling and upskilling programs can also target specific skill gaps within the existing workforce. This could involve, Software proficiency: Training employees on new software programs used in design, engineering, or manufacturing processes. Advanced manufacturing techniques: Equipping workers with the knowledge and skills required for innovative production methods like 3D printing or additive manufacturing. Safety protocols: Ensuring workers are up-to-date on safety procedures in a changing manufacturing environment.

(iii) Promoting Adaptability and Futureproofing: The scope extends beyond addressing immediate skill needs. It aims to create a more adaptable workforce prepared for future changes. Developing a Growth Mindset: Encouraging a culture of continuous learning allows employees to embrace new technologies and adapt to evolving job requirements. Building Soft Skills: While technical skills are essential, soft skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and collaboration are crucial for success in any industry. Reskilling and upskilling programs can emphasize these areas to create a well-rounded workforce. Cross-Training: Equipping workers with skills from different areas can increase their versatility and allow them to take on broader roles within the organization.

Why Reskilling and Upskilling are Essential: By prioritizing reskilling and upskilling, automotive manufacturers can ensure their workforce is equipped to navigate the transforming landscape of the industry, drive innovation, and maintain a competitive edge well into the future, these exciting changes, while paving the way for a more sustainable and efficient future, also necessitate a significant shift in the skillset required by the workforce. Here’s a breakdown of why reskilling and upskilling are essential for the industry to thrive. EVs, automation, and data-driven manufacturing processes require skillsets that may not have been prevalent before. Workers need to be equipped to handle these new technologies effectively. The automotive industry is constantly evolving. Reskilling and upskilling ensure that the workforce possesses the necessary skills to remain relevant and adaptable in the long run. The rapid pace of technological advancement can create a gap between the skills employers need and the skills workers possess. Reskilling and upskilling bridge this gap, ensuring a qualified workforce.

How Manufacturers are Reskilling and Upskilling: By implementing these strategies, manufacturers can empower their workforce to adapt to the changing landscape of the automotive industry. A reskilled and upskilled workforce will be well-positioned to drive innovation, maintain a competitive edge, and ensure the smooth operation of tomorrow’s automotive marvels. The company needs to develop and offer targeted training programs that focus on relevant skills like EV technology, robotics, data analysis, and cybersecurity. These programs can range from short workshops to comprehensive certification courses. Collaboration with universities, technical colleges, and vocational training centers allows manufacturers to develop customized training programs that address their specific needs. Mentorship programs and on-the-job training opportunities can equip existing workers with the necessary skills to transition to new roles or adapt to changing job requirements. Bite-sized learning modules and online resources provide flexible learning opportunities for employees to acquire new skills or refresh existing knowledge at their own pace.

Benefits of Reskilling and Upskilling: A well-trained workforce equipped with the latest knowledge and skills can leverage new technologies more effectively. This translates to streamlined processes, optimized production times, and ultimately, a boosted bottom line, similarly a well-trained workforce can leverage new technologies more effectively, leading to improved production processes and higher output. Furthermore, upskilled employees can contribute to innovation by applying their knowledge of new technologies to develop better products and processes. The most important factor is satisfaction, opportunities for learning and growth can boost employee morale and job satisfaction, leading to a more engaged and motivated workforce.By investing in reskilling and upskilling, manufacturers can reduce their dependence on hiring from outside, potentially saving time and resources.

Continuous Learning for Team: By prioritizing reskilling and upskilling, automotive manufacturers can ensure their workforce is equipped to navigate the changing landscape of the industry, drive innovation, and maintain a competitive edge in the years to come. The need for reskilling and upskilling in the automotive industry is likely to be an ongoing process. As technology continues to evolve, manufacturers will need to adapt their training programs and ensure their workforce possesses the skills necessary to thrive in the future.

Focus on Soft Skills: In addition to technical skills, soft skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication remain crucial for success in the automotive industry. Building a Culture of Learning: Encouraging a culture of continuous learning within the organization can foster a growth mindset and motivate employees to embrace new challenges.

Personalized Learning Paths: Tailoring training programs to individual needs and learning styles can enhance the effectiveness of reskilling and upskilling initiatives.

Takeaway from this article:

The automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation unlike anything seen before, driven by technological innovation, changing consumer preferences, and global sustainability goals. As we navigate this period of change and uncertainty. In the face of rapid technological change and shifting industry dynamics, companies must recognize the value of their most valuable asset—their employees—and empower them with the knowledge, skills, and tools needed to navigate the complexities of modern manufacturing. Reskilling programs enable workers to adapt to new roles and responsibilities while upskilling initiatives ensure that existing skill sets remain relevant and competitive in a rapidly changing environment.

As we are aware the future of mobility is electric, autonomous, and connected. By embracing these trends and embracing a spirit of innovation and collaboration, manufacturers can not only survive but thrive in the rapidly evolving automotive landscape, shaping the future of transportation for generations to come. Successful reskilling and upskilling initiatives often involve collaboration between auto manufacturers, educational institutions, government agencies, and industry associations. By pooling resources and expertise, stakeholders can develop comprehensive training programs that address the industry’s specific needs and provide workers with the skills and certifications required to excel in their roles. Public-private partnerships, apprenticeship programs, and on-the-job training initiatives are just a few examples of collaborative efforts aimed at building a skilled and resilient workforce for the future.

Written by Muhammad Rafique, Head of Production and Maintenance Foton JW Auto Park (Pvt) Ltd, Lahore, Pakistan.

This exclusive research article has been published in Automark Magazine’s June-2024 printed edition too.

Dear Readers BYD was founded in February 1995, According to BYD publications it is a high-tech multinational company devoted to leveraging technological innovations for a better life. After more than 29 years of high-speed growth, BYD has established over 30 industrial parks across 6 continents, China, the United States, Canada, Japan, Brazil, Hungary, and India and played a significant role in industries related to electronics, auto, renewable energy and rail transit. With a focus on energy acquisition, storage, and application, BYD offers comprehensive new energy solutions with zero-emission. BYD has expanded from 20 employees to around 290,000. BYD: short for Build Your Dreams.

Global warming,driven by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, poses significant threats to our planet. It leads to rising temperatures, which cause severe weather events, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and disruption of ecosystems. These changes threaten biodiversity, agriculture, water supply, and human health, making global warming one of the most pressing environmental issues today.

The importance of addressing global warming cannot be overstated. If left unchecked, it could lead to catastrophic consequences, including more intense and frequent natural disasters, loss of habitable land due to sea-level rise, and severe impacts on food security and human health. Efforts to mitigate global warming are crucial to ensuring a stable and sustainable future for all life on Earth.

Solar energy and electric vehicles (EVs) are pivotal in the fight against global warming. Solar energy harnesses the power of the sun, providing a clean, renewable source of electricity without emitting greenhouse gases. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, solar power helps decrease the overall carbon footprint. As solar technology advances, it becomes more efficient and affordable, making it a viable solution for reducing emissions on a large scale.

Electric vehicles also play a crucial role in mitigating global warming. Traditional internal combustion engine vehicles are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. EVs, powered by electricity, produce zero tailpipe emissions. When charged with renewable energy sources like solar or wind power, the environmental benefits of EVs are maximized. This transition from fossil-fueled vehicles to electric ones is essential for reducing the transportation sector’s carbon emissions.

The combined use of solar energy and electric vehicles can significantly contribute to lowering global temperatures. By reducing dependence on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, these technologies help slow the rate of global warming. Moreover, their widespread adoption can lead to cleaner air, reduced pollution, and healthier ecosystems, ultimately creating a more sustainable and resilient planet. Through continued innovation and supportive policies, solar energy and EVs can be central to global efforts to combat climate change.

Strategy:

From launching the world’s first mass-produced PHEV model, the F3DM, in 2008 to rolling out 7+4 Full Market EV Strategy in 2015, BYD has always combined the goal of zero emissions with an understanding of market needs to fulfill its commitment to transforming transportation and eliminating fossil fuels.

Mission:

Technological innovations for a better life during the daytime, solar farms capture the power of sunshine;at night, energy storage systems deliver power to families.Electric vehicles on the streets and SkyRail systems along green beltsconnect the city with zero emissions and zero pollution & to provide more possibilities for a better life. Observing a new energy future approaching.This is the mission of BYD, and the green dream of all mankind.

Industries Engagement:

The company has diversified into areas such as cellphone assembly and solar cell manufacturing.

BYD has four industries dedicated to realizing its green dreams of creating a zero-emission energy ecosystem: automobile, electronics, new energy, and rail transit. BYD is listed on the Stock Exchange in both Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China.

BYD is also a pioneer in battery technology. After its successes with manufacturing batteries for mobile telephones and laptops, BYD decided to create a complete clean-energy ecosystem that reduces the world’s reliance on fossil fuels. BYD is dedicated to making mobility solutions emission-free.

In the past decades BYD has focused on mastering advanced technologies, power batteries, electric motors, electronic control systems and semiconductor chips. BYD offers electric trucks, electric busses, electric forklifts and even electric rail solutions. The company has become the world’s leading manufacturer of new energy vehicles (NEVs), exceeding more than 200,000 sales per month.

BYD entered the European market with three all-new pure-electric passenger cars. At the Paris Motor Show in October 2022, BYD unveiled its innovative and technologically-advanced electric car range to customers in Europe. This includes the BYD ATTO 3, an expressive and dynamic C-segment SUV, designed with the European customer in mind, as well asl the BYD TANG, which is a 7-seater with variable all-wheel drive. We also presented the sleek and sporty BYD HAN, an E-segment saloon.

BYD a high-tech brand.

BYD is not just a car manufacturer. Emerging from this considerable R&D the company developed the ground-breaking Blade Battery. This battery pack is revolutionizing safety, durability and performance in the EV industry. The Blade Battery works in close synergy with BYD’s exceptional competency in electric powertrain technology for the ultimate in system efficiency and integrated vehicle intelligence. Combined, this integrated technology has been developed to deliver optimum performance and a better driving experience. Notably, BYD owns the entire vertical supply chain for seamless integration and total manufacturing control, including the production of semiconductors.

Driving this innovation in technology, is a sincere commitment from BYD to provide safe and appealing solutions that reduce pollution from carbon emissions and address the issue of climate change, supporting the initiative to Cool the Earth by 1℃. The green dream has long been a priority for BYD and is the vision for the future.

For over two decades, BYD has been at the forefront of sustainable innovation. In 2008, BYD launched the world’s first mass-produced plug-in hybrid vehicle F3DM at the Geneva Motor Show. BYD was also the first automotive OEM in the world to announce it would be ceasing production of ICE vehicles to focus on BEV and PHEV products. BYD is the first, and only company in the world, to provide full market new energy vehicle solutions.

Global leader in new energy vehicles.

BYD is the global leader in NEVs and the third largest automotive brand in the world, based on market capitalization. BYD has ranked as number one for sales of NEVs in China for nine consecutive years. BYD is a true explorer when it comes to cleaner energy and has major aspirations for the future. This joins seamlessly perfect with the mobility goals of its automotive partners in Europe.

BYD has developed the industry-leading Blade Battery, e-Platform 3.0 and Dual-mode hybrid power technology accelerating the once-in-a-century transition from fossil fuel powered vehicles to electric vehicles.

Written by Aqeel Bashir & this exclusive article has been published in Automark Magazine’s June-2024 printed edition too.

Net Energy Metering (NEM) is an enabling policy mechanism, which is designed to promote investment in Renewable Energy sector. Net-metered Photovoltaic (PV) Solar applications have becoming very popular amongst residential, Commercial and Industrial sector customers. NEM works through retail tariffs, thus allowing retail customers to offset their electricity bills via utilization of their privately-owned generating system and selling their surplus generation to the Distribution Companies. NEM usually uses a single, bi-directional meter and can measure current flowing in both directions.

In 2022, National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) initiated the process of amendments to the Alternative & Renewable Energy Distributed Generation and Net Metering Regulations, 2015 and proposed the following amendment, In Sub-Regulation 5 of Regulation 14 of the Regulations, the word ’National Average Power Purchase Price (NAPPP)be replaced with ‘National Average Energy Purchase Price (NAEPP)’. Now, it is important to understand how much they will save from Net Metering, here is a simple formula to calculate your savings,
Solar Panels Installed (Watts) x 4 (Units Per Day) x Electricity Unit Rate (Rs.) Suppose installing 1KW (250-Watt x 4 pcs) Solar Panels (Tier 1 Brand) will generate consumers with an average of 4,000 Watts per day, this equals to savings of 4 electricity units per day on average.

Similarly installing 10 KW Solar Panels will generate consumers an average of 40,000 Watts per day, this equals to savings of 40 electricity units per day on the average. However Solar Power Generation is likely to increase during summers when we receive ample amount of sunshine.

Now in Pakistan, something has happened that others have experienced, Pakistan had targeted 1,920MW of rooftop solar capacity by the year 2026, according to its latest Indicative Generation Capacity Expansion Plan. In reality, the nation has crossed that threshold last year. Now government want to apply the brakes, because, according to the power bureaucracy, this rapid growth in rooftop solar is creating costs that have to be passed on to poorer segments of the population, who don’t have the luxury to go the rooftop solar route because they have single-phase meters and the technology does not yet work with that. Additionally, they have very limited rooftop space they can use for the purpose.

“The current trend of installation of solar system with net metering across the country has mis-balanced government’s plan to pay capacity charges from the consumers as rich segment is converting it to net metering,” the power bureaucracy is contemplating rationalization of redemption rates of net metering electricity to Rs 11 per unit from current rates of Rs 21 per unit, now There is an impression in the Power Division that whatever advantage the consumers could get they have availed it and now damage has begun in the country’s power sector. On one hand government does not want to discourage solarization in the country, but on other hand they are cutting down the per unit price. The Power Division argues that consumers have installed solar system for their own consumption and rates of additional generation should be fixed on the affordability of the receiver i.e. Discos.

The process of amendment in the Regulations was initiated keeping in view increase in National Average Power Purchase Price (NAPPP). The amendment in Regulations was published in newspapers for eliciting public opinion for a period of 30 days. The public/consumers, during the hearing, strongly opposed the proposed amendments and argued that electricity through net metering is one of the most efficient methods in incurring low distribution losses, with no investment for distribution infrastructure and this proposal in the Regulation would discourage net metering/solar installation. The Authority sat on the decision for several months due to pressure from the then government and later announced that it had carefully reviewed the submissions of the stakeholders made during the hearing & in writing and is also cognizant of the vision of the government for induction of cheap and clean renewable energy into the system.

Net metering is predominantly based on the concept of minimizing the electricity cost through rooftop solar self-generation for self-consumption and not for commercial sale, DISCOs have to maintain Grid & Generation Capacities for the Net Metering Consumers during non-solar hours as well. However, at the same time, the economic benefits of net metering in terms of displacement of costlier electricity, savings of foreign exchange and incurring minimal losses, cannot be ignored. Moreover, the quantum of net metering units, at present is very low, ie, below 1% of the total energy purchased by DISCOs.

The big problem in Pakistan’s power bureaucracy now is that the state insists on setting the price of electricity manually, using outmoded formulae. In large-scale thermal power plants, for example, they still use what is called ‘cost plus” pricing, where the regulator actually looks at each cost item in the prospective power plant and decides what their total costs are and how much margin they should be allowed. This is partly because nobody is willing to invest in Pakistan on a large scale if their returns are not guaranteed. And the big reason for that is the government of Pakistan has a lousy reputation when it comes to delivering on its commitments.

This exclusive research article has been published in Automark Magazine’s June-2024 printed edition too.

Introduction: This policy aims to reduce pollution and promote sustainable transportation by encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles. The concept of swappable batteries for electric motorbikes is gaining traction in Pakistan as an innovative solution to enhance the practicality and convenience of electric vehicles.

The Pakistani government’s Electric Vehicle Policy 2020-25 provides incentives and support for developing electric vehicle infrastructure, including battery-swapping systems.

Key Players and Innovations: ZYP Technologies is a notable example in this space, launching the Magvus EV electric bike featuring a swappable battery system. This bike allows users to quickly replace a discharged battery with a fully charged one, minimizing downtime and making electric mobility more efficient. The Magvus EV offers a range of up to 150 kilometers on a single charge and includes modern features like a digital display and advanced safety systems.

EzBike, an Islamabad-based startup, has introduced Pakistan’s first electric scooter with a swappable battery system, known as the Electron. EzBike has established a network of battery swap stations, called ezSwap, in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, allowing users to quickly exchange depleted batteries for fully charged ones, enhancing the convenience and efficiency of electric scooters.

Global Influence

Globally, major motorcycle manufacturers such as Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha have been working on swappable battery technology through a joint venture called Gachaco. This initiative aims to standardize battery swapping and expand the necessary infrastructure to support the widespread adoption of electric two-wheelers. By providing shared battery services and promoting standardized swappable batteries, these companies are setting a precedent that could inspire similar efforts in Pakistan and other markets.

Benefits of Swappable Battery Systems: The implementation of swappable battery systems addresses significant challenges associated with electric vehicles, such as long charging times and limited range.

In Pakistan, this approach could significantly boost the adoption of electric motorbikes by making them more user-friendly and reducing concerns related to charging infrastructure.

Challenges in Implementation: Despite the promising advantages, several challenges remain in fully implementing swappable battery systems in Pakistan:

1. Infrastructure Development: Establishing a widespread network of battery swap stations requires significant investment and coordination. EzBike has started this process in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, but expanding nationwide will take time and resources.

2. Standardization: Ensuring compatibility between different brands and models of electric motorbikes is crucial. Currently, most initiatives are proprietary, which can limit scalability and user adoption.

3. Battery Technology: Advancements in battery technology, such as solid-state batteries, are essential for improving the range, safety, and lifespan of swappable batteries. However, these technologies are still under development and not yet widely available.

4. Economic Viability: The initial cost of setting up battery swap stations and producing compatible electric scooters can be high. Companies need to balance this with affordable pricing for consumers to ensure widespread adoption.

5. Policy and Regulation: Supportive government policies and incentives can play a significant role in accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles and the necessary infrastructure. While there are efforts to push for cleaner transportation options, more comprehensive policies are needed.

6. Consumer Acceptance: Convincing consumers of the reliability and safety of swappable batteries is crucial. Any incidents or perception of reduced performance compared to fixed batteries can hinder adoption. Educating users on the benefits and usage of swappable battery systems is necessary for widespread acceptance.

7. Technological Limitations: Ensuring that swappable batteries have a long life, high performance, and safety standards is essential. Batteries need to withstand frequent swapping and charging cycles without degradation.

8. Security Concerns: Preventing theft and ensuring the security of swappable batteries is a significant concern.

9. Environmental Considerations: Establishing effective recycling processes for used batteries to prevent environmental degradation and ensure sustainable practices is critical.

Conclusion: While the implementation of swappable battery systems for motorbikes offers promising advantages, addressing these challenges requires coordinated efforts from manufacturers, governments, and other stakeholders to ensure successful adoption and operation. Initiatives like those by ZYP Technologies and EzBike are paving the way for a more sustainable and convenient future in electric mobility in Pakistan.

With continued support and innovation, swappable battery systems could become a cornerstone of the country’s electric vehicle infrastructure, contributing to cleaner air and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

By overcoming these hurdles and leveraging supportive policies, Pakistan can accelerate the transition to sustainable transportation, aligning with global trends and enhancing the quality of life for its citizens.

Written by Asif Mehmood for Automark Magazine and it has been published in June-2024 printed edition too.

Economic Overview: Argentina, located in South America, has a mixed economy characterized by rich natural resources, a highly literate population, and a diversified industrial base. However, the country has faced economic challenges, including high inflation, currency fluctuations, and periodic recessions.

Auto Parts Aftermarket in Argentina: Argentina has a sizable automotive industry, with a strong demand for auto parts and accessories. The auto parts aftermarket is a crucial component of the automotive sector, catering to vehicle maintenance, repair, and customization needs.

Key Points Regarding the Auto Parts Aftermarket:

Market Size and Growth: The Argentine auto parts aftermarket is significant, driven by a large vehicle population and consumer demand for affordable replacement parts. Despite economic challenges, the aftermarket segment has shown resilience and continues to grow.

Product Range: The aftermarket offers a wide range of products, including replacement parts for engines, transmissions, braking systems, suspension components, electrical systems, and body parts. Additionally, accessories such as performance upgrades, audio systems, and cosmetic enhancements are popular among consumers.

Distribution Channels: Auto parts are distributed through various channels, including specialized retailers, independent garages, online platforms, and authorized dealerships. Each channel caters to different customer segments, offering a mix of convenience, expertise, and affordability.

Quality and Price Sensitivity: Argentine consumers are price-sensitive but also value quality and reliability. As a result, aftermarket manufacturers and distributors must strike a balance between offering competitive prices and ensuring product quality to maintain consumer trust and loyalty.

Regulatory Environment: The Argentine government plays a role in regulating the auto parts aftermarket, including standards for product safety, emissions, and environmental impact. Compliance with regulations is essential for aftermarket businesses to operate legally and maintain consumer confidence.

Competitive Landscape: The aftermarket sector is competitive, with both domestic and international manufacturers and distributors vying for market share. Established brands, product quality, pricing strategies, and customer service are key factors influencing competitiveness in the market.

Overall, the Argentine auto parts aftermarket presents opportunities for businesses willing to navigate the economic and regulatory landscape. Understanding consumer preferences, maintaining product quality, and adapting to market trends are critical for success in this dynamic industry.

Key Economic Indicators:

Population: 46.3 million

GDP Annual Growth: 5%

GDP Per Capita: $13,700

Inflation Rate (In the March 12% but the annualized rate running over 275%)

Interest Rate :50%

Government Debt to GDP Ratio :86%

Exchange Rate: 1 USD = 877.73Argentine Peso

Import Tariffs: 06 ~ 22 %.

The top imports of Argentina are Refined Petroleum ($6.79B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($3.58B), Petroleum Gas ($3.49B), Cars ($1.89B), and Soybeans ($1.67B), importing mostly from China ($16.4B), Brazil ($15.4B), United States ($11.1B), Germany ($2.69B), and Paraguay ($1.91B).

Argentina imports Cars primarily from: Brazil ($1.53B), Mexico ($83M), China ($81.2M), India ($49M), and Germany ($28.6M). The fastest growing import markets in Cars for Argentina between 2021 and 2022 were Brazil ($252M), China ($24M), and India ($15.5M).

Argentina Full Year 2023: Toyota and Fiat Cronos threepeat at #1, market up 11.6% The Fiat Cronos is the best-selling vehicle in Argentina for the third straight year. New light vehicle sales in Argentina gain 11.6% in 2023 to 424,949 units for a third consecutive positive year.

List of products at 4 digits level imported by Argentina in 2022

detailed products in the following category: 87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof

This exclusive research article has been published in Automark Magazine’s June-2024 printed edition too.

In today’s world, a comprehensive understanding of climate change is essential for everyone, as the impending alterations to our planet’s climate pose an urgent and profound threat to global stability and well-being.Climate change is a phenomenon characterized by significant alterations in global temperatures and weather patterns over time, primarily due to human activities. The question before us is multi-faceted: What is climate change? What are its potential impacts? Do we have a strategy to contribute to the reduction of global emissions? How can Pakistan, in particular, adapt to these changes, and how should we allocate funds provided for this purpose?

The catastrophic floods in Pakistan in 2022 serve as a stark reminder of the urgent need to address climate change. These events underscore the delicate balance of our ecosystem, as beautifully created by Allah, where everything exists in harmony. Disturbances in this balance, whether through the excessive emission of greenhouse gases or the depletion of the ozone layer, invite disaster.

Human activities, including industrialization, urbanization, and motorization, have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases, worsening the greenhouse effect and leading to global warming. This warming has, in turn, led to abnormal temperature rises, altered rainfall patterns, and the untimely melting of glaciers, impacting the flow of the Indus River System and the distribution of water resources, becoming a threat to agriculture, property, and human life.

We should not forget that human actions also contribute to natural disasters, particularly through the mismanagement of land and water resources. Most of the time individuals and authorities often ignore the long-term harmful effects of encroaching on land designated for natural or planned drainage. These encroachments, made for construction or agriculture, block the natural paths intended by nature or urban planning, which can intensify flooding. This issue is deepened by poor governance and inadequate maintenance by government departments, leading to inefficient water management systems. These systems, choked with silt and debris, fail to function properly, significantly increasing the risk of flooding during unexpected weather changes. In essence, societal attitudes, and government inefficiencies both disregard the environmental and safety norms necessary to mitigate disaster risks.

According to data from the Climate Action Tracker, Pakistan ranks among the top 20 global climate polluters, significantly contributing to a disturbing trend that could lead to a 3-degree Celsius increase in global warming. This critical revelation underscores the need for a systematic approach to both mitigating and adapting to climate change. In 2022 alone, the world emitted approximately 50 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases, further emphasizing the urgent need for concerted global action.

Our strategy must encompass legislative measures to prevent water wastage, enhance storage capacity, upgrade existing facilities, and revive traditional irrigation methods, especially in areas like Baluchistan. Additionally, the adoption of remote sensing and GIS for monitoring environmental changes, along with efficient meteorological forecasting, is imperative.

To address emissions at their source, we must focus on industries, vehicles, and practices that contribute significantly to atmospheric pollution. Improving water resource management and conservation strategies will also play a crucial role in making our irrigation systems more efficient and adaptable to climate change, which threatens to increase both floods and droughts.

Climate change will not only lead to more frequent and severe floods but also intensify droughts due to rising temperatures and a declining water table, withelevated temperatures increasing evapotranspiration and significantly boosting the demand for water.

The collaboration of civil society, research bodies, and businesses is essential in understanding and addressing climate change as a collective challenge. Unfortunately, our inter-departmental coordination is non-existent, as a result the efforts often stagnate without broader dissemination or implementation.Together, we can forge a resilient future, mitigating the impacts of climate change and creating a sustainable legacy for the generations to come.

The Ministry of Climate Change and Environment Coordination has made significant developments with the drafting of a national climate policy in October 2021. Alongside, universities and other academic institutions in Pakistan are actively promoting climate awareness through conferences and seminars—a commendable initiative. However, to ensure these efforts are not in vain, it is crucial that the findings and recommendations from these gatherings are systematically compiled and submitted to the Ministry. This will aid in refining and strengthening the national action plan to effectively address climate change. It’s important to recognize that despite these efforts, our national approach often lacks coordination, with different entities working in isolation. Bridging these gaps is essential for a unified and effective response to the climate crisis.

Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. It is a major component of water, oil, natural gas, and all living matter. Despite its simplicity and abundance, hydrogen rarely occurs naturally as a gas on Earth. It is almost always combined with other elements. It can be generated from oil, natural gas, and biomass or by splitting water using renewable solar or electrical energy.

Once hydrogen is produced as molecular hydrogen, the energy present within the molecule can be released, by reacting with oxygen to produce water. This can be achieved by either traditional internal combustion engines or by devices called fuel cells. In a fuel cell, hydrogen energy is converted directly into electricity with high efficiency and low power losses.Hydrogen, therefore, is an energy carrier, which is used to move, store, and deliver energy produced from other sources.

Hydrogen car technology, also known as hydrogen fuel cell technology, is a form of transportation technology that utilizes hydrogen as a fuel to power electric vehicles. Unlike traditional gasoline-powered vehicles that rely on internal combustion engines, hydrogen cars use fuel cells to generate electricity.

Here’s how hydrogen car technology generally works:

Fuel Cell Stack: The heart of a hydrogen car is the fuel cell stack. It contains multiple individual fuel cells that combine hydrogen gas (H2) with oxygen (O2) from the air to produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction. Hydrogen gas from the tank is fed into a fuel cell stack, which contains multiple individual fuel cells. Each fuel cell consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane.

Electrochemical Reaction: In the fuel cell stack, hydrogen molecules are split into protons (H+) and electrons (e-) at the anode. The protons pass through the electrolyte membrane to the cathode, while the electrons flow through an external circuit, creating an electric current.

Hydrogen Fuel: Hydrogen fuel is stored on board the vehicle in high-pressure hydrogen tanks. Typically located at the rear of the car. The hydrogen can be produced through various methods, including electrolysis of water (using renewable energy sources like solar or wind power) or steam reforming of natural gas.

Electric Motor: The electricity generated by the fuel cell stack is used to power an electric motor, which drives the wheels of the vehicle. This makes hydrogen cars zero-emission vehicles in terms of tailpipe emissions since the only by-product of the fuel cell reaction is water vapour. The electric current generated by the fuel cell powers an electric motor, which drives the vehicle’s wheels. This provides propulsion similar to an electric car.

Regenerative Braking: Like electric vehicles, hydrogen cars can also utilize regenerative braking to recover some of the energy typically lost during braking. This energy is converted back into electricity and stored in the vehicle’s battery or used immediately to power the motor.

Auxiliary Battery: Hydrogen cars often include a small auxiliary battery to store electricity generated by the fuel cell for use during acceleration or other high-demand situations.

Range and Refuelling: Hydrogen cars typically have a similar range to gasoline-powered vehicles and can be refuelled in a matter of minutes, much like conventional cars. This is in contrast to battery electric vehicles, which often have longer refuelling times due to the need for recharging.

The future of hydrogen cars indeed presents both promise and challenges, offering a nuanced perspective on the potential of this technology:

BENEFITS:

Zero Emissions: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles emit only water vapour and heat as by-products, making them environmentally friendly and contributing to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.

Longer Range and Fast Refuelling: Hydrogen cars typically have longer driving ranges compared to electric vehicles and can be refuelled quickly, similar to conventional gasoline vehicles, which addresses the range anxiety and long recharging times associated with electric cars.

Diverse Applications: Hydrogen fuel cell technology can be utilized in various modes of transportation beyond cars, including buses, trucks, trains, and even maritime vessels, offering a wide range of applications for decarbonizing transportation.

Energy Storage: Hydrogen can be produced from renewable energy sources and stored for later use, offering potential solutions for energy storage and grid balancing, especially in conjunction with intermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar.

CHALLENGES:

Infrastructure: One of the most significant challenges facing hydrogen cars is the lack of infrastructure. Building hydrogen refuelling stations requires significant investment, and currently, there are far fewer hydrogen stations compared to gasoline or electric charging stations. This limits the practicality and adoption of hydrogen vehicles, especially in regions with sparse infrastructure.

Production and Distribution: Hydrogen production is primarily reliant on reforming natural gas, which emits greenhouse gases. Alternatively, hydrogen can be produced through electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources, but this method is currently more expensive and less efficient. Additionally, transporting and distributing hydrogen is complex and expensive due to its low energy density and the need for specialized infrastructure.

Cost: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are expensive to produce, primarily due to the high cost of fuel cell technology and hydrogen storage systems. As a result, the initial purchase price of hydrogen cars is often higher than that of conventional gasoline or even electric vehicles. Additionally, the cost of hydrogen fuel itself can be relatively high compared to gasoline or electricity.

Energy Efficiency: While hydrogen fuel cells are highly efficient at converting hydrogen into electricity to power the vehicle, the overall energy efficiency of hydrogen cars is lower than that of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This is because of energy losses in hydrogen production, distribution, and conversion, making hydrogen cars less efficient in terms of energy consumption per mile travelled.

Safety Concerns: Hydrogen is highly flammable and requires careful handling and storage. While hydrogen cars are designed with safety features to mitigate risks, concerns about the safety of hydrogen fuelling stations and the potential for hydrogen leaks or explosions remain a challenge for widespread adoption.

Market Competition: Hydrogen cars face stiff competition from other alternative fuel vehicles, such as battery-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. The rapid advancement of battery technology and the growing availability of electric charging infrastructure have contributed to the popularity of electric vehicles, posing a challenge to the market growth of hydrogen cars.

Addressing these challenges will require continued investment in research and development, improvements in infrastructure, advancements in production technologies, and policy support to incentivize the adoption of hydrogen vehicles.

Despite these challenges, hydrogen car technology has the potential to play a significant role in the transition to cleaner transportation systems, particularly in applications where long-range and rapid refuelling are critical, such as heavy-duty trucks and buses. It also offers the advantage of decoupling transportation from fossil fuels if the hydrogen is produced using renewable energy sources.

CONCLUSION:

Cost & Infrastructure: EVs are currently cheaper than hydrogen cars. Ev’s cost lessbecause they use existing infrastructure and don’t require building a new hydrogen economy.

Performance: Hydrogen cars can go farther and refuel faster than EVs.At the same time, hydrogen cars use more energy overall than battery cars. The reason why hydrogen is inefficient is because the energy must move from wire¬to¬gas¬to¬wire to power a car. This is sometimes called the energy vector transition. In other words, the hydrogen fuel cell requires double the amount of energy.

Unlike FCEVs, battery-powered electric vehicles are quite energy-efficient. While FCEVs are less than 40% energy-efficient, most battery-powered electric cars and other vehicles boast around 80% efficiency. This means that for every 100 watts of energy produced, nearly 80 watts will be used to power the vehicle.

Popularity: EVs are currently more popular than hydrogen cars so far.

Environment Impact: Hydrogen cars produce zero emissions, but the production of hydrogen is not always environmentally friendly. If both were charged using renewable electricity, the carbon footprint would be similar.

This exclusive article has been published in Automark Magazine – International, May-2024 printed edition from Pakistan.

The Chilean auto parts industry thrives amidst the country’s burgeoning automobile sector, serving a population of 19.6 million with 5.5 million vehicles. With limited local production, the market heavily relies on imports from global partners, constituting approximately 85% of its composition.

Segmented into categories for light and heavy vehicles, the sector offers a diverse range of products, including tires, filters, screws, CV joints, and gearboxes. Despite the presence of over 60 brands from various countries, U.S. parts lead the market, capturing a significant share of imports.

Key players such as Chevrolet, Suzuki, Kia, Hyundai, Nissan, and Toyota dominate sales, reflecting intense competition and a preference for maintaining used vehicles, which constitute an estimated 37% of the country’s automotive fleet.

Quality remains paramount in consumer choices, with durability often outweighing price considerations. As the Chilean auto parts market evolves, manufacturers and suppliers have ample opportunities to cater to the diverse needs of consumers in this dynamic sector.

Key Economic Indicators:

Population: 19.6 million

GDP Annual Growth: 2.3%

GDP Per Capita: $15,355

Inflation Rate (Average, Last 10 Years): 4.1%

Interest Rate (Average): 4.5%

Government Debt to GDP Ratio (Average): 25%

Exchange Rate: 1 USD = 939.79 Chilean Peso

Import Tariffs: The U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA) ensures duty-free trade, with limited exceptions.

Opportunities:

Aftermarket parts and accessories market, with 80% dominated by non-branded or generic imports.

Transportation:

Plane travel from Pakistan to Chile takes about 1 day 10 hours, while sea

shipping requires approximately 48 days 7 hours.

As the Chilean auto parts market continues to expand, stakeholders are well-positioned to capitalize on emerging opportunities and contribute to the sector’s growth and development.

What are the Major Imports of Chile?

Source: exportgenius.in

Bilateral trade between – Chile and Pakistan in 2022

This exclusive article has been published in Automark Magazine – International, May-2024 printed edition from Pakistan.