Automark

Dear readers!!! Aftersales service is an essential part of the automotive industry. it affects the satisfaction and loyalty of customers and represents the overall success of the business. It is support and services given after purchasing a vehicle. The menu depends on process building, including maintenance, repair, warranty services, parts replacement, customer support, and other value-added services to ensure customer satisfaction, enhance loyalty, and sustain profitability.

In a scenario of increased competition and changing customer behavior, aftersales service has become the inevitable part of an automobile business model. That is to say that Aftersales’ service has been an essential part of the whole automotive business, promoting both customer delight and profit margin. In a fast-changing environment, in which the level of technology and customer expectations are advancing; businesses emphasizing superb aftersales service will gain a competitive advantage. Innovative strategies, acquisition of skilled talent, and effective use of technology can boost aftersales services to become a potent pillar for success in the automotive industry.
In this month’s article, let’s talk about the “Aftersales absorption rate”.

This is an important indicator for determining and judging how well a dealership’s service and parts operations cover fixed operating expenses. To monitor and improve it appropriately, a dealership needs to keep an eye on a few KPIs that give a better insight into the health of aftersales operations. These KPIs would ensure alignment of business goals, identify areas for improvement, and support strategic decision-making for profitability. Aftersales absorption rate is one of the key performance measures in the automotive industry, indicating how much of the revenue paid to dealerships or independent repair shops servicing their cars covers related costs such as labor, parts, and overhead costs. Aftersales absorption is an important KPI in the automotive industry; it talks to the extent to which a dealership’s fixed operations comprised of the service, parts, and body shop cover its operational costs. Aftersales absorption defines the extent to which the aftersales business underpins the profitability of a dealership, particularly at times when vehicle sales appear to be volatile. The focus on customer retention, EV aftersales dynamics, and economic pressures have lately placed greater emphasis on this metric.
What is the Aftersales Absorption Rate?
The aftersales absorption rate is a gauging aspect from the financial perspective that accounts for the aftersales profitability of a dealership. It shows how much the revenue generated from aftersales services, such as repairs, maintenance, and parts, covers the associated costs, including labor, parts, and overhead expenses. The aftersales absorption rate is expressed in a percentage and computed using the given formula: Aftersales Absorption Rate = [Gross Profit from Service, Parts and Body Shop / Total Fixed Operating Expenses] x 100

• A 100% absorption rate indicates that the dealership’s aftersales activities completely absorb the fixed costs of the store, thus less reliance on selling vehicles for profitability. The higher absorption rate means aftersales activities are helping to absorb a significant portion of the dealership’s expenses, making less reliance on sales revenue generated from selling vehicles.Any rating below 100% means additional income from the sale of vehicles for a dealer to break even.

Let’s understand the Absorption rate by considering the following points,
Revenue Stability:

In any automotive industry, after-sales revenue is part and parcel of a dealership’s bottom line. It represents a more stable income stream especially when new car sales are going both ways. However, it goes a long way to stabilize after-sales revenue streams as vehicle sales depend on the conditions of the marketplace, the influence of supply chain disruptions or economic influences. High aftersales absorption means that dealerships break even in instances where sales decline.

Growth in electric vehicle sales will bring both opportunity and challenge to the after-sales business. Although less frequent traditional maintenance is required for EVs, new revenue streams include battery health checks and software updates, along with charging infrastructure. With the need for less maintenance on EVs, dealerships will have to alter their focus from basic services such as battery diagnostics, software updates, and charging solutions to maintain profitability in aftersales.

The after-sales market has been one of the foundational businesses of the automobile industry that generates steady revenues, even when economic outputs do not perform and when car sales are low. With the transformation of market dynamics, revenue stability in after-sales has become a strategic imperative for dealerships and manufacturers as well. Adopting innovative practices and leveraging emerging technologies will form a solid foundation for aftersales operations to guarantee long-term sustainability.

Lifetime Customer Value Focus: The Customer Lifetime Value (CLTV) is a metric that measures the aggregate revenue a business can reasonably expect from a single customer account. In the automotive industry, CLTV encompasses not only the initial vehicle purchase but also subsequent aftersales services, accessories, and future vehicle purchases. Aftersales service is paramount in creating maximum CLTV. By offering superior customer experiences, a dealership can establish loyalty, promote return business, and create more revenue. The retention of customers for service and parts throughout the vehicle lifespan forms a predictable revenue stream. A powerful aftersales business generates brand loyalty, ensuring repeat vehicle purchases.

Operational Efficiency: Operational efficiency in the automobile aftersales industry is critical for maintaining customer satisfaction while maximizing resource utilization to increase profitability. The implementation of advanced diagnostic tools will empower technicians to speedily diagnose and repair the vehicle, thereby reducing the time needed for repairs and cutting their efficiency wastes. The adoption of strong inventory management systems can help optimize stock levels, reduce lead times, and hence minimize downtime due to parts shortages. Identification of waste in the aftersales process, such as unnecessary steps, excess inventory, and idle time, can radically enhance efficiency. A continuous improvement culture results in continuous optimization and innovation. Efficiency in the utilization of workshops, productivity of technicians, and inventory management of spare parts is driven by improving absorption rates. Through the adoption of these strategies, an automotive aftersales business can greatly enhance operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and profitability.

Business Resilience: Business resilience is key to sustainable operations, customer satisfaction, and long-term profitability in the automotive aftersales industry. It helps an automotive business predict, prepare for, and counter disruptions effectively, that is, economic slowdown, disruption in the supply chain, technology advancement, or a pandemic. High absorption rates minimize financial risks. Dealerships are more resistant to economic challenges or market disruptions. Automotive businesses can improve the aftersales absorption rate, achieve increased profitability, and improve customer relations through the proper management of these factors. Product Diversification: Different varieties of aftersales services, such as vehicle customization, installation of accessories, and insurance products, offer ways to spread risk in case the demand for those services fluctuates. Geographic Diversification: Venturing into new markets or regions allows for the dispersal of risks and minimizes dependence on a single market.

To increase aftersales absorption among dealerships and repair shops, some areas can be incorporated to improve this service including Scheduling can help reduce idle time among the technicians in the workshop, maximizing available time Use of Training:

A well-trained person can diagnose and repair better or sooner, thereby saving labor and increasing customer satisfaction Use of Technology:

Advanced diagnostic tools and software can accelerate the process, improve accuracy, and take less time to make repairs. Implement proper inventory management: Proper inventory levels can decrease holding costs and will improve cash flow. Focus on customers: Provide high-quality customer service like on-time repairs, proper communication, and comfortable waiting areas for better customer satisfaction and loyalty. Offer added value services: Upsell additional services like detailing or installing accessories to increase revenue and improve the absorption rate. An Analysis of Service Data: Tracking key performance indicators- such as labor hours, parts utilization, and customer satisfaction identify for improvement and optimize the operation.
Takeaway from this article:
The Aftersales Absorption Rate is not just a financial metric, it’s a dealership’s resilience and adaptability in changing market environments. As a result of this management, fixed costs are controlled while improving service efficiency, customer retention, and parts sales, leading to an absorption rate that can keep the profitability sustainable in the long run. In this day and age of technological advancement and surge in electric vehicles, the after-sales business remains a critical revenue stream; hence, dealerships that maintain a focus on this performance metric and innovate through their product offerings would be better prepared for the future of automobiles.

Exclusive written by Muhammad Rafique for Automark’s December-2024 printed and digital edition.

The govt has unveiled the NEV Policy, aimed at transitioning 30% of vehicles in Pakistan to electric power by 2030

Federal Minister for Industries and Production, Rana Tanveer Hussain, has unveiled the New Energy Vehicle (NEV) Policy, aimed at transitioning 30% of vehicles in Pakistan to electric power by 2030. Speaking at a press conference, the minister asserted that all stakeholders were consulted in the policy-making process.
However, the Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association (PAMA) has voiced strong reservations, expressing concerns about the policy’s potential impact on the local auto industry.
The NEV policy includes a subsidy of PKR 50,000 for electric motorcycles and PKR 200,000 for three-wheelers (rickshaws), with a total allocation of PKR 4 billion. These subsidies will be distributed through auctions. So far, two companies have been granted licenses, while 31 more applications are under review. Among the firms being licensed is BYD, a major global EV manufacturer.
The government plans to establish a robust EV infrastructure, identifying 40 sites along the Peshawar-Karachi Motorway for EV charging stations, with a target of installing 3,000 stations by 2030. Electricity at these stations will be provided at subsidized rates, ensuring affordability.
He emphasized that the transition to EVs would significantly reduce Pakistan’s dependency on expensive fuel imports.
The policy also incorporates a reduction in the policy rate from 22% to 15%, with financing at 3% KIBOR, a cost borne by the government. Consumers will pay monthly installments of approximately PKR 9,000 over two years, an amount lower than their projected fuel savings. A Credit Loss Guarantee managed by the Finance Division ensures no financial burden on the Ministry or consumers.
Additional initiatives include offering free electric bikes or scooters to 120 high-achieving students and reducing duties on EV components to encourage local manufacturing. The government is also set to establish a New Energy Fund and a New Energy Vehicle Centre to support these measures.
PAMA’s concerns:
PAMA, in its detailed letter to the EDB, raised several issues regarding the NEV policy. It warned that the free import of CBUs at reduced duty (25%) and sales tax (10%) could significantly disrupt the local auto market. The association proposed several recommendations, including restricting CBU imports to companies with local manufacturing facilities as per SRO 656 requirements to prevent the creation of a “junkyard” of unsupported vehicles. It also called for the elimination of used car imports to avoid market share erosion, allowing only overseas Pakistanis to purchase locally produced vehicles. The association further recommended mandating that CBU importers establish local manufacturing facilities within a set timeframe to ensure long-term industry growth. PAMA also urged that duties and incentives for NEVs should align with those for Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles, with incentives phased out within five years, by 2030. It suggested adding renewable energy vehicles, such as biogas-fueled cars, to the NEV policy’s definition and maintaining policy continuity for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) under the Automotive Industry Development and Export Policy (AIDEP) 2021-26.
PAMA stressed that incentives should only apply to new NEV models introduced after the policy’s announcement and that CBUs must meet WP 29 regulations, similar to locally produced vehicles. It called on the government to take a holistic approach to the policy, considering its implications for the auto industry and related policies, to safeguard an industry that contributes significantly to national revenue.

The NEV policy is currently open for stakeholder feedback. With ambitious targets of achieving a 30% EV market share and establishing 3,000 charging stations by 2030, the government aims to revolutionize Pakistan’s auto sector.

Greetings, Dear Readers! I have explained briefly how Advanced Driver Assistant System (ADAS) works and the function of active vs passive ADAS features in my previous article which appeared in the November 2024 edition of AutoMark. The next step that I want to take is to explain what the technology behind ADAS is all about.Advanced Driver Assistance Systems use various sensors to make the vehicle safer and to provide many automated driving functionalities. The sensors are the fundamentals on which the car scans its environment and makes proper decisions.

A human-operated car works because we have stereoscopic vision, and are able to deduce relative distance and velocity in our brains. Even with one eye closed, we can deduce distance and size using monocular vision fairly accurately because our brains are trained by real-world experience.

Our eyes and brains also allow us to read and react to signs and follow maps, or simply remember which way to go because we know the area. We know how to check mirrors quickly so that we can see in more than one direction without turning our heads around. 

Our brains know the rules of driving. Our ears can hear sirens, honking, and other sounds, and our brains know how to react to these sounds in context. Just driving a short distance to buy some milk and bread, a human driver makes thousands of decisions, and makes hundreds of mechanical adjustments, large and small, using the vehicle’s hand and foot controls.

Replacing the optical and aural sensors connected to a brain made up of approximately 86 billion neurons is no easy feat. It requires a suite of sensors and very advanced processing that is fast, accurate, and precise. Truly self-driving cars are being developed to learn from their experience just as human beings do, and to integrate that knowledge into their behavior.

Key types of ADAS sensors in use today

Following is the list of main types of ADAS sensors in use today:

• Video cameras
• SONAR
• RADAR
• LiDAR
• GPS/GNSS

We will look closer look at each of these in this article.

A vehicle needs sensors to replace or augment the senses of the human driver. Our eyes are the main sensor we use when driving, but of course, the stereoscopic images that they provide need to be processed in our brains to deduce relative distance and vectors in a three-dimensional space. 

We also use our ears to detect sirens, honking sounds from other vehicles, railroad crossing warning bells, and more. All of this incoming sensory data is processed by our brains and integrated with our knowledge of the rules of driving so that we can operate the vehicle correctly and react to the unexpected.

ADAS systems need to do the same. Cars are increasingly being outfitted with RADAR, SONAR, and LiDAR sensors, as well as getting absolute position data from GPS sensors and inertial data from IMU sensors. The processing computers that take in all this information and create outputs to assist the driver, or take direct action, are steadily increasing in power and speed in order to handle the complex tasks involved in driving.

Video Cameras (Optical Image Sensor)

The first use of cameras in automobiles was the backup camera,“reverse camera.” Combined with a flat video screen on the dashboard, this camera allows drivers to more safely back up into a parking space, or when negotiating any maneuver that involves driving in reverse. But the primary initial motivation was to improve pedestrian safety. According to the Department of Transportation, ​​more than 200 people are killed and at least 12,000 more are injured each year because a car backed into them. These victims are mostly children and older people with limited mobility.

Once only installed in high-end cars, backup cameras have been required in all vehicles sold in the USA since May 2018. Canada adopted a similar requirement. The European Commission is moving toward requiring a reversing camera or monitoring system in all cars, vans, trucks, and buses in Europe by 2022. The Transport Ministry in Japan is requiring backup sensors (a camera, ultrasonic sensors, or both) on all automobiles sold in Japan by May 2022.

But in today’s ADAS vehicles there can be multiple cameras, pointing in different directions. And they’re not just for backup safety anymore: their outputs are used to build a three-dimensional model of the vehicle’s surroundings within the ADAS computer system. Cameras are used for traffic sign recognition, reading lines and other markings on the road, detecting pedestrians, obstructions, and much more. They can also be used for security purposes, rain detection, and other convenience features as well.

The output of most of these cameras is not visible to the driver. Rather, it feeds into the ADAS computer system. These systems are programmed to process the stream of images and identify stop signs, for example, and to understand that another vehicle is signaling a right turn and that a traffic light has just turned yellow, and more. They are heavily used to detect road markings, which is critical for lane-keeping assistance. This is a huge amount of data and processing power, and it’s only increasing in the march toward self-driving cars.

SONAR (Sound Navigation & Ranging)

SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging), “ultrasound” sensors generate high-frequency audio on the order of 48 kHz, more than twice as high as the typical human hearing range. (Interestingly, many dogs can hear these sensors, but they don’t seem bothered by them.) When instructed by the car’s ECU, these sensors emit an ultrasonic burst, and then they “listen” for the returning reflections from nearby objects.

By measuring the reflections of this audio, these sensors can detect objects that are close to the vehicle. Ultrasound sensors are heavily used in backup detection and self-parking sensors in cars, trucks, and buses. They are located on the front, back, and corners of vehicles. 

Since they operate by moving the air and then detecting acoustic reflections, they are ideal for low-speed applications, when the air around the vehicle is typically not moving very fast. Because they are acoustic in nature, ultrasound performance can be degraded by exposure to an extremely noisy environment.

Ultrasound sensors have a limited range compared to RADAR, which is why they are not used for measurements requiring distance, such as automated cruise control or high-speed driving. But if the object is within 2.5 to 4.5 meters (8.2 to 14.76 feet) of the sensor, ultrasound is a less expensive alternative to RADAR. Ultrasound sensors are not used for navigation because their range is limited, and they cannot detect objects smaller than 3 cm (1.18 in.).

Ultrasound sensors are the round ‘’disks’’ on the back of this car (Red Circles).

Interestingly, electric car maker Tesla invented a way to project ultrasound through metal, allowing them to hide these sensors all over their cars, to maintain vehicle aesthetics. The round disks on the bumpers of the car in the picture above are ultrasound sensors.

RADAR (Radio Detection & Ranging)

RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) sensors are used in ADAS-equipped vehicles for detecting large objects in front of the vehicle. They often use a 76.5 GHz RADAR frequency, but other frequencies from 24 GHz to 79 GHz are also used. 

Two basic methods of RADAR detection are used: 

• Direct propagation
• Indirect propagation

In both cases, however, they operate by means of emitting these radio frequencies and measuring the propagation time of the returned reflections. This allows them to measure both the size and distance of an object and its relative speed.

Because RADAR signals can range 300 meters in front of the vehicle, they are particularly important during highway speed driving. Their high frequencies also mean that the detection of other vehicles and obstacles is very fast. Additionally, RADAR can “see” through bad weather and other visibility occlusions. Because their wavelengths are just a few millimeters long, they can detect objects of several cm or larger.

Application for Automotive RADAR System

RADAR is especially good at detecting metal objects, like cars, trucks, and buses. As the image above shows, they are essential for collision warning and mitigation, blind-spot detection, lane change assistance, parking assistance, adaptive cruise control (ACC), and more.

LiDAR(Light Detection & Ranging)

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems are used to detect objects and map their distances in real-time. Essentially, LiDAR is a type of RADAR that uses one or more lasers as the energy source. It should be noted that the lasers used are the same eye-safe types used at the check-out line in grocery stores. 

High-end LiDAR sensors rotate, emitting eye-safe laser beams in all directions. LiDAR employs a “time of flight” receiver that measures the reflection time. 

An IMU and GPS are typically also integrated with the LiDAR so that the system can measure the time it takes for the beams to bounce back and factor in the vehicle’s displacement during the interim, to construct a high-resolution 3D model of the car’s surroundings called a “point cloud.” Billions of points are captured in real-time to create this 3D model, scanning the environment up to 300 meters (984 ft.) around the vehicle, and within a few centimeters (~1 in.) of accuracy.

LiDAR sensors can be equipped with up to 128 lasers inside. The more lasers, the higher the resolution 3D point cloud can be built

LiDAR can detect objects with much greater precision than RADAR or Ultrasound sensors, however, their performance can be degraded by interference from smoke, fog, rain, and other occlusions in the atmosphere.But, because they operate independent of ambient light (they project their own light), they are not affected by darkness, shadows, sunlight, or oncoming headlights.

LiDAR sensors are typically more expensive than RADAR because of their relative mechanical complexity. They are increasingly used in conjunction with cameras because LiDAR cannot detect colors (such as the ones on traffic lights, red brake lights, and road signs), nor can they read the text as well as cameras. Cameras can do both of those things, but they require more processing power behind them to perform these tasks.

GPS/GNSS (Global Position System / Global Navigation Satellite System)

In order to make self-driving vehicles a reality, we require a high-precision navigation system. Vehicles today are using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). GNSS is more than just the “GPS” that everyone knows about. 

GPS, which stands for Global Positioning System is a constellation of more than 30 satellites circling the planet. Each satellite emits extremely accurate time and position data continuously. When a receiver gets usable signals from at least four of these satellites, it can triangulate its position. The more usable signals it gets, the more accurate the results.

But GPS is not the only global positioning system. There are multiple constellations of GNSS satellites orbiting the earth right now:

• GPS – USA
• GLONASS – Russia
• Galileo – Europe
• BeiDou – China

The best GNSS systems installed in today’s vehicles have the ability to utilize two or three of these constellations. Using multiple frequencies provides the best possible performance because it reduces errors caused by signal delays, which are sometimes caused by atmospheric interference. Also, because the satellites are always moving, tall buildings, as well as hills and other obstructions, can block a given constellation at certain times. Therefore, being able to access more than one constellation mitigates this interference.

Consumer-type (non-military) GNSS provides positional accuracy of about one meter (39 inches). This is fine for the typical navigation system in a human-operated vehicle. But for real autonomy, we need centimeter-level accuracy. 

GNSS accuracy can be improved using a regional or localized augmentation system. There are both ground and space-based systems in use today that provide GNSS augmentation. Ground-based augmentation systems are known collectively as GBAS, while satellite or space-based augmentation systems are known collectively as SBAS.

A few examples of how GNSS and other ADAS sensors work together

When we drive into a covered parking garage or tunnel, the GNSS signals from the sky are completely blocked by the roof. IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensors can sense changes in acceleration in all axes, and perform a “dead reckoning” of the vehicle’s position until the satellites return. Dead reckoning accuracy drifts over time, but it is very useful for short durations when the GNSS system is “blind.”

Driving under any conditions, cameras, LiDAR, SONAR, and RADAR sensors can provide the centimeter-level positional accuracy that GNSS simply cannot (without correction from an RTK). They can also sense other vehicles, pedestrians, et al – something that GNSS is not meant to do because the satellites are not sensors – they simply report their time and position very accurately.

In cities, the buildings create a so-called “urban canyon” where GNSS signals bounce around, resulting in multipath interference (the same signal reaches the GNSS antenna at different times, confusing the processor). The IMU can dead-reckon under these conditions to provide vital position data, while the other sensors (cameras, LiDAR, RADAR, and SONAR) continue to sense the world around the vehicle on all sides.

ADAS Sensor Advantages and Disadvantages

Each of the sensors used in ADAS vehicles has strengths and weaknesses which are explained below.

• LiDAR is great for seeing in 3D and does well in the dark, but it can’t see color. LiDAR can detect very small objects, but its performance is degraded by smoke, dust, rain, etc. in the atmosphere. They require less external processing than cameras, but they are also more expensive than cameras.
• Cameras can see whether the traffic light is red, green, amber, or other colors. They’re great at “reading” signs and seeing lines and other markings. But they are less effective at seeing in the dark, or when the atmosphere is dense with fog, rain, snow, etc. They also require more processing than LiDAR.
• RADAR can see farther up the road than other range-finding sensors, which is essential for high-speed driving. They work well in the dark and in when the atmosphere is occluded by rain, dust, fog, etc. They can’t make models as precisely as cameras or LiDARs or detect very small objects as other sensors can.
• SONAR sensors are excellent at close proximity range-finding, such as parking maneuvers, but not good for distance measurements. They can be disturbed by wind noise, so they don’t work well at high vehicle speeds.
• GNSS, combined with a frequently updated map database, is essential for navigation. But raw GNSS accuracy of a meter or more is not sufficient for fully autonomous driving, and without a line of sight to the sky, they cannot navigate at all. For autonomous driving, they must be integrated with other sensors, including IMU, and be augmented with an RTK, SBAS, or GBAS system.

IMU systems provide the dead-reckoning that GNSS systems need when the line of sight to the sky is blocked or disturbed by signal multipath in the “urban canyon.” 

These sensors complement each other and allow the central processor to create a three-dimensional model of the environment around the vehicle, to know where to go and how to get there, to follow the rules of driving, and react to the expected and unexpected that happens on every roadway and parking lot. 

In short, we need them all, or a combination of them, to achieve ADAS and eventually, autonomous driving.

The objective of this article was to introduce the technological backbone of ADAS; my next articlewill finally cover ADAS testing, ADAS standards / safety protocols, and ADAS systems in relation to Pakistani motor vehicle rules and infrastructure.

Be sure to stay tuned! 

Exclusive written for Automark Magazine, December 2024 by Muhammad Usman Iqbal, Head of Quality Department Foton Jw Auto Park (Pvt.) Limited.b

The Graduating Career Fair 2024, organized by the Directorate of Industrial Liaison (DIL) at NED University of Engineering & Technology, brought together students, employers, and industry leaders for a vibrant networking event aimed at bridging the gap between academia, industry and government.

The event, held across all faculties of NED University, including both engineering and non-engineering disciplines, featured participation from over 40 local and global industries representing diverse sectors. Government representatives were also present, emphasizing the fair’s importance in fostering public-private partnerships.

The fair offered graduating students a platform to connect with employers through company booths, on-campus recruitment drives, and interviews conducted in video conferencing halls. Students explored opportunities for job placements, internships, industrial visits, final year design projects (FYDPs), and other collaborative activities.

The day began with an inaugural session at Syed Mehmood Alam Auditorium, followed by the formal opening of the exhibition area. The event received extensive media coverage, highlighting its impact and reach.

Speaking on the occasion, Vice Chancellor Dr. Sarosh Hashmat Lodi emphasized, “This event serves as a bridge between students and employers, providing first-entry career opportunities while strengthening industry-academia collaboration.”

Dr. Ali Zulqarnain, Director of Industrial Liaison, added, “This full-day event achieved its objectives by connecting students with industries and fostering meaningful partnerships.”

The overwhelming participation from students and industries marked the Career Fair 2024 as a significant milestone in NED University’s commitment to preparing graduates for the professional world.

Yamaha Motor Pakistan has emerged as a commitment to delivering high-performance bikes and value more than anyone in the market with its enormous commitment to rider safety and involvement through Yamaha Riders Academy which differentiates it from competition by giving ongoing customer education on safe riding.

It is not an academy that focuses on theoretical stuff; instead, this is a place for hands-on learning, building up a rider’s skill and confidence to ride long distances on everyday commutes or on other long-distance tours.

This Yamaha Riders Academy represents a pro-active attitude of safety from Yamaha. The diversity of road conditions in Pakistan varies from urban to suburban areas, thus making it ensure the knowledge and practice given to its riders. Systematic training sessions conducted at the academy include teaching riders on essential aspects regarding road safety- bike handling, situational awareness, defensive riding techniques, and emergency manoeuvres. This will ensure the injection of a thorough understanding of these concepts by Yamaha and thus reduce the risks involved in riding in different conditions. Sessions are held by professional certified instructors who provide an environment conducive to all experience levels of riders to acquire and hone their skills.

What makes Yamaha stand out, though, is its commitment to applying these lessons by taking its loyal customers on long rides. The ride-outs enable applicants to put into practice what they have learned at the academy and experience the freedom and thrill of the road while being safe. Yamaha designs these rides by choosing routes that will offer natural beauty in Pakistan for riders to enjoy long scenic stretches of road under the professional supervision of Yamaha personnel. This practical implementation confirms the lessons learned at the academy since the riders obtain first-hand experience in the maintenance of proper posture as well as the handling of their bikes over long distances and adapting to various conditions of roads.

Bridging the gap between training and real-world riding experiences ensures that Yamaha customers not only understand safe riding but live it every time they hit the road. It also provides a sense of community for Yamaha riders as these rides are an opportunity for like-minded people to connect and share their passion for biking.

As with other bike makers in Pakistan, Yamaha remains ahead through its customer-orienting initiatives. Most competitors like Suzuki and Honda primarily base their focus on product feature points or marketing issues, yet Yamaha’s major focus and emphasis on rider training along with customer involvement is evident of its sincerity towards keeping a rider safe as well as sound. More importantly, this approach allows for developing brand loyalty by encouraging people to stay at Yamaha over the years.

The idea is that Yamaha Motor Pakistan sets an example to produce not only skilled but safe, responsible riders. Through Yamaha Riders Academy’s continuous training and reinforcement of it during long rides, Yamaha takes care of a level which goes beyond the showroom selling of a bike. It is not selling a bike; it’s building up a lifelong relationship with its riders. Client safety and satisfaction commitments by Yamaha are very much an investment in its brand. This is also a considerable contribution to the biking communities in Pakistan.

Exclusive written by Abdul Daiyem Imran from UMT, Lahore for Automark’s December-2024 printed and digital edition.

Dear Readers !! According to media reports why are Western, South Asian, and European EV Customers Reverting to ICE, Hybrid, and Waiting for the Latest Engine Tech?

In the last decade, the electric vehicle (EV) revolution promised to redefine transportation. Governments across the globe pushed for EV adoption through subsidies, infrastructure investments, and stringent emission regulations. However, a noticeable trend has emerged: despite these efforts, a significant segment of Western, South Asian, and European EV customers is reconsidering their choices, reverting to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, hybrids, or pausing purchases altogether to wait for advancements in vehicle technology.

This article explores the multifaceted reasons behind this shift and highlights the challenges and opportunities for the EV industry.

1. Incomplete Infrastructure Development

One of the most critical challenges for EV adoption is the lack of robust charging infrastructure.

• Western Markets: In countries like the United States and parts of Europe, EV owners frequently encounter issues such as long charging times, malfunctioning chargers, and crowded charging stations. While urban centers may have sufficient charging options, rural and suburban areas often lack adequate coverage, discouraging long-distance travel.
• South Asia: Countries like India and Pakistan face even greater challenges. Power grid reliability, inadequate charging networks, and limited public charging facilities make EVs less practical than ICE vehicles.

Inadequate infrastructure has led many customers to return to hybrids or ICE vehicles, which provide greater convenience and reliability in both urban and remote areas.

2. The High Cost of EV Ownership

Although EV prices have decreased over the years, the total cost of ownership remains a barrier.

• Purchase Price: EVs typically cost more upfront than ICE or hybrid vehicles, even with subsidies.
• Battery Replacement Costs: The cost of replacing EV batteries, particularly in South Asia, can be prohibitively expensive, often amounting to 30-40% of the vehicle’s price.
• Maintenance Costs: While EVs are marketed as low-maintenance vehicles, issues like software updates, electronic component failures, and specialized repair services can make maintenance expensive.

These factors deter budget-conscious buyers, especially in developing markets where hybrids offer a more economical alternative.

3. Limited Range and Performance Concerns

Range anxiety continues to haunt EV customers, despite improvements in battery technology.

• Cold Weather Performance: In Europe and parts of North America, EV batteries underperform in cold weather, reducing range significantly. This has frustrated customers who rely on their vehicles in harsh climates.
• Heavy Loads: Customers in South Asia and Europe using EVs for commercial purposes (e.g., carrying goods or passengers) report that battery ranges decrease drastically under heavy loads.

Hybrid vehicles, which combine a traditional engine with an electric motor, offer a compromise: better fuel efficiency with the reassurance of a gasoline backup.

4. Environmental Concerns Around EV Manufacturing

Ironically, some customers are reconsidering EVs due to the environmental impact of their production.

• Mining for Batteries: Lithium, cobalt, and nickel mining are associated with significant environmental degradation and unethical labor practices in countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• Carbon Footprint: The manufacturing process for EVs, particularly batteries, has a higher carbon footprint than that of ICE vehicles.

Many environmentally conscious buyers are turning to hybrids, which offer lower emissions without the ethical dilemmas tied to battery production.

5. Technological Advancements in ICE and Hybrid Engines

The automotive industry has not abandoned ICE technology. In fact, manufacturers have invested in making ICE and hybrid engines more efficient and environmentally friendly.

• Mild Hybrids: These vehicles use a smaller electric motor to assist the engine, improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions without the need for large batteries.
• Synthetic Fuels: Companies like Porsche are investing in synthetic fuels that can power ICE vehicles with net-zero emissions.
• Turbocharged Engines: Advanced turbocharging techniques have made ICE engines more powerful and fuel-efficient than ever.

These innovations attract customers looking for a balance between performance, cost, and environmental impact.

6. Supply Chain Disruptions and Semiconductor Shortages

The global semiconductor shortage has disproportionately affected EV production, leading to delays and price increases.

• Western and European Markets: Tesla and other EV manufacturers have struggled to meet demand due to supply chain bottlenecks. Delayed deliveries and price hikes frustrate customers, pushing them to consider ICE or hybrid alternatives that are readily available.
• South Asia: Limited access to critical EV components, such as batteries and semiconductors, has hindered local EV production, making hybrids and ICE vehicles more accessible.

7. Wait-and-See Approach for Emerging Technologies

The automotive industry is on the cusp of several groundbreaking innovations, including solid-state batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, and advanced autonomous driving systems.

• Solid-State Batteries: Promising greater energy density, faster charging, and longer lifespan, solid-state batteries are seen as the next big leap in EV technology.
• Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Many European and Asian countries are investing in hydrogen as an alternative to EVs, especially for heavy-duty and long-range applications.

Some customers prefer to wait for these advancements rather than investing in current-generation EVs, which may become obsolete within a few years.

8. Cultural and Psychological Barriers

The shift from ICE vehicles to EVs is not just technological but cultural.

• Western Markets: Car culture in countries like the United States revolves around performance, freedom, and reliability—areas where ICE vehicles still excel.
• South Asia: The preference for tried-and-tested ICE engines is deeply rooted, especially in rural areas where EV charging options are nearly nonexistent.
• Europe: While many Europeans are early adopters of green technology, the increasing complexity of EV systems, such as over-reliance on software and sensors, creates hesitations.

For many customers, hybrids offer the perfect balance of tradition and innovation, easing the transition without abandoning the familiar.

9. Government Policies and Market Dynamics

Government policies heavily influence consumer behavior.

• Western and European Markets: While subsidies have encouraged EV adoption, inconsistent policies and uncertainty around future incentives make customers cautious. Additionally, some European countries are reconsidering bans on ICE vehicles, signaling a shift in priorities.
• South Asia: Policies often favor local automotive industries, which predominantly produce ICE and hybrid vehicles. Import taxes on EVs make them less competitive.

These dynamics create a market environment where ICE and hybrid vehicles remain attractive options.

10. Customer Feedback and Real-World Experiences

Early adopters of EVs have shared mixed experiences, influencing potential buyers.

• Battery Degradation: Reports of battery capacity declining over time have raised concerns about long-term reliability.
• Charging Ecosystem: Stories of long queues, broken chargers, and inconsistent charging speeds discourage adoption.
• Resale Value: EVs tend to have lower resale value compared to hybrids and ICE vehicles, further deterring buyers.

This feedback has led many customers to stick with or return to ICE and hybrid options, which are perceived as more dependable.

Conclusion: The Road Ahead

The shift back to ICE and hybrids among EV customers in Western, South Asian, and European markets highlights the complexities of the global automotive transition. While EVs represent a crucial step toward a sustainable future, challenges such as infrastructure gaps, high costs, and technological limitations must be addressed.

Automakers and governments have an opportunity to recalibrate strategies by:

• Accelerating infrastructure development.
• Reducing the cost of EV ownership through subsidies and technological advancements.
• Investing in research for next-generation technologies like solid-state batteries and hydrogen fuel cells.

In the interim, hybrids and advanced ICE engines will remain a vital bridge, offering a practical, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative for customers worldwide.

The road to an electrified future is not linear; it is a winding journey influenced by innovation, economics, and human behavior. For now, many customers are content to pause, reflect, and wait for the next great leap in automotive technology.

In 2024, I had the privilege of attending the Pakistan Auto Parts Show (PAPS) Symposium, a critical industry event organized by the Pakistan Association of Automotive Parts and Accessories Manufacturers (PAAPAM) under the guidance of its Skill Development Committee (PSDC). This symposium, now in its third year, has emerged as a defining platform to shape the future of Pakistan’s auto industry by addressing current challenges, sharing insights from key stakeholders, and recommending policy directions.

The Formation and Evolution of PSDC

The journey of PAAPAM’s Skill Development Committee (PSDC) began in 2013, driven by the vision of Mr. Imtiaz Rastgar, a pioneer in Pakistan’s auto exports. In collaboration with then PAAPAM Chairman and prominent motorcycle parts manufacturer, Mr. Ifthikhar Ahmed, they advocated for the creation of PSDC as a central support body for PAAPAM members, focusing on skill development, knowledge sharing, and growth facilitation. Mr. Ifthikhar worked tirelessly to launch workshops, soft skill seminars, and training sessions for PAAPAM members, understanding that skill enhancement would be pivotal for the industry’s competitiveness.

As a significant milestone in PSDC’s evolution, Mr. Ifthikhar initiated the PAPS Symposium to set industry directions and provide policy recommendations. This year’s event, themed “The Automotive Industry of Pakistan: Today and Tomorrow,” attracted a wide range of participants, including government officials, industry leaders, and technical experts. Notable speakers included Syed Hamid Ali, Additional Secretary of the Ministry of Commerce; Eng. K B Ali, CEO of the Engineering Development Board (EDB); Mr. Muhammad Faisal, CEO of Lucky Motor Corporation; Mr. Takafumi Koike, CEO of Atlas Honda Car Motor Pakistan; Mr. Raheel Asghar, CEO of Millat Tractors Ltd;Mr Mumshad Ali, CEO of R K Gear, Mr Ali Khizer, journalist; Dr Suman Qadir, Research Economist (PIDE); Mr Suneel Sarfaraz Munj, Chairman Pak Wheel and Syed Nabeel Hashmi, CEO of Thermosole Industries.

Key Discussions and Takeaways

1. Taxation and Duties
One of the pressing issues discussed was the high taxation burden, with custom duties, sales taxes, and regulatory duties exceeding 45% on automotive components. This significant cost ultimately impacts consumers and hampers industry growth. Participants stressed that, while taxation supports government revenue, a balanced approach is necessary to make automobiles more accessible and affordable. Several experts suggested tax reforms, especially for components that are essential for vehicle manufacturing, as a potential strategy for supporting industry expansion and consumer accessibility.

2. The Critical Need for Exports and FTAs
A central theme of the symposium was enhancing exports, which are crucial for Pakistan’s economic growth and diversification. Many speakers emphasized that establishing Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with other countries could facilitate automotive exports, helping Pakistani manufacturers access new markets and enhance industry visibility internationally. As a model, they referenced Thailand, which in 2022 exported $15.6 billion worth of auto parts, largely due to its robust network of FTAs and supportive trade policies.

3. Boosting Local Supply Chains for Export Readiness
To achieve sustainable export growth, the industry must first strengthen its local supply chain. Symposium participants highlighted the importance of investing in local manufacturing capabilities and supplier networks to ensure quality, consistency, and cost-effectiveness. Establishing a resilient supply chain would not only reduce dependency on imports but also position Pakistan’s automotive sector as a reliable exporter.

4. Export Opportunities for Tractors and Components
Pakistan’s tractor industry emerged as a key topic, with the country boasting one of the world’s lowest costs per horsepower. This competitive edge provides significant export potential. However, unlocking this potential requires strategic efforts, including market research, regulatory adjustments, and targeted marketing. Industry leaders at the symposium advocated for securing export permissions and incentives that would allow local manufacturers to expand their reach and capitalize on this unique advantage.

5. Skill Development, R&D, and Technological Advancement
An area of concern expressed by numerous participants was the need for skill development and technology adaptation in the face of an evolving global automotive landscape. Unlike the traditional industry model, modern automotive manufacturing requires expertise in electronics, software, and advanced engineering. Although the Automotive Industry DevelopmentPlan (AIDP-1) mentioned skill development, testing centers, and R&D facilities, their full implementation remains lacking. Industry leaders emphasized the urgent need for these resources to stay competitive in an increasingly digital world.

6. Role of PAAPAM and PAMA as Industry Pillars
Both PAAPAM and the Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association (PAMA) are crucial stakeholders in the industry. While each organization represents distinct sectors, they share a common goal: advocating for policy reforms that prioritize the national interest. As highlighted in the symposium, this collaboration is essential for addressing sector-specific challenges while ensuring that Pakistan’s automotive industry remains aligned with global trends and local priorities. It was clear that unity among industry bodies could amplify their collective influence, particularly when negotiating policies with the government.

International Case Studies: Lessons for Pakistan

To draw inspiration, several participants discussed success stories from countries like Thailand, Vietnam, and India. In 2022, Thailand exported $15.6 billion in auto parts, while Vietnam’s exports were valued at $5.42 billion. India, which has also made significant strides, exported automobile components worth $21.2 billion in the fiscal year 2024, representing a 5% growth. For Pakistan to mirror such achievements, a multi-stakeholder approach involving government ministries, industrial associations, the State Bank of Pakistan, and financial institutions is essential.

Roadmap to a Sustainable Future

The discussions at the PAPS Symposium emphasized the importance of creating a roadmap for the next 5 to 10 years, focused on transforming Pakistan from an import-dependent nation to an export-driven economy. Speakers highlighted the need to foster a culture that prioritizes exports over imports, where government policies and incentives are structured to encourage local manufacturing and global competitiveness.

The critical role of the Ministry of Commerce was noted, but participants also pointed out that achieving meaningful export growth requires the active involvement of various government ministries, the Ministry of Finance, industry associations, and financial institutions. By building a collaborative ecosystem that aligns with the broader economic goals, Pakistan can realize its export potential.

Conclusion: A Platform for Progress

The PAPS Symposium has proven to be an invaluable platform, fostering meaningful dialogue among industry, government, and academia to shape the future of Pakistan’s automotive sector. I extend my gratitude to Mr. Ifthikhar Ahmed, whose dedication to organizing these symposiums has significantly benefited the industry and the nation. Through these efforts, PAAPAM and its partners continue to inspire a new era for Pakistan’s automotive industry—one that embraces innovation, prioritizes export, and nurtures sustainable growth for generations to come.

By Mashood Khan – Director – Mehran Commercial Enterprises, Expert Auto Sector / Former Chairman PAAPAM

Exclusive written for Automark’s December-2024 printed and digital edition.

In a tremendous development by the efforts of Worthy Vice Chancellor Prof. Dr. Shahid Munir (T.I.), Atlas Honda has presented its state-of-the-art Benly e: motorcycle to the Automotive Engineering Centre at University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore. The event was graced by the team of Atlas Honda comprising of Mr. Zia ul Hassan Khan GM Sales & Marketing, Mr. Sadullah Ejaz GM Human Resource & Corporate Affair, Mr. Muhammad Yawar Farooq National Manager New Model Center. The team was welcomed by Prof. Dr. Tauseef Aized, Dean Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Dr. Ali Hussain Kazim, Director Automotive Engineering.

Prof. Dr. Shahid Munir highlighted that the gift of EV motorcycle would lead to burgeoning of academic exploration and research of the EV mobility in Pakistan. This would lead to strengthening of industry-academia linkage between the institutes. Prof. Dr. Tauseef Aized stressed that this will empower students and faculty to explore advanced electric vehicle technologies. Dr. Ali Hussain Kazim said that strengthening ties with Atlas Honda would lead to job more opportunities for Automotive Engineers.

During their visit, Atlas Honda Limited gifted an electric vehicle (EV) to AEC for the purpose of academic exploration and research on the EV ecosystem. Mr. Zia ul Hassan Khan spoke about how the Honda Benly, E the company’s first electric motorcycle, is operated by lithium-ion batteries and has been introduced in Pakistan for the very first time. It represents a new era in the mode of transportation and the company is excited to take a pioneering step of collaboration in research with UET Lahore, he added. Mr. Sadullah Ejaz elaborated about the collaboration between UET and Atlas Honda will lead to is reshaping the mobility landscape in Pakistan.

Pakistan is blessed with an amazing landscape as much as it is rich with the remains of ancient civilizations. On October 19, 2024 I went on a bike ride to one such place in the famous Soon valley, District Khsuhab. I call it the mysterious Tulaja fort because the place has no definite history. Some people consider it to be a more then 5000 years old historic site while others opine that it dates back to the time when Jalal ud Din Khawarzam visited the place.

The second opinion seems to be more convincing. In 1220 when upon the death of Ala ud Din Muhammad his son Jalal ud Din Khawarzam held reins he had a combat with the Mongol army near Kabul of today’s Afghanistan. He lost the battle and fled the area along with his soldiers and reached this area (Hindustan back then) where the local Hindu raja of the time accommodated him and provided two hideouts. One is the Tulaja Fort and the other became known as Samarkand Fort and the remains of it can be seen near Chinji in District Chakwal. Similar ruins are also found at a nearby place called Tulachi in Soon valley and it is believed that Tulachi too housed the soldiers of Jalal ud Din.

Such historic sites need proper attention by the government, they are an asset among the country’s heritage sites and should be preserved. Upon my visit I found that although TDCP has done a lot of work to improve the off-road track that connects the fort site to the main road, however a lot needs to be done at the site itself. Too many wild shrubs have grown on the mountain top and obscure the view of the fort walls that remain intact till day. The mountain top spreads on an area of about 20 acres, there were about 300 rooms here and a pond huge enough to store water for its inhabitants. The fort is located at a very strategic location; there was only one way to reach the mountain top that went through a cave and the soldiers used to close the cave entrance at night using a huge rock. The fort didn’t even need boundary walls because no one could have climbed several hundred meters high rocky mountain that substituted fort walls. I have never heard of a fort that came without walls, have you?

Tulaja fort site should be reflected in the list of world heritage sites but, unfortunate as it is, the fort drifted into a state of oblivion, perhaps since the time of its desertion. Who were the residents of Tulaja Fort, how long they remained here, what caused its destruction, what were the other cities close to it are the questions that beggar answers but there is none. This brief history along with pictures and videos by tourists, bloggers, vloggers and a few articles, is all that remains. At the site, only half standing walls remain for the world to imbibe the lesson that man is mortal.

Our ride began from my hometown Joharabad in District Khushab. After a ride of 20km we reached the mountain range and after a further ride of about 15 minutes we were at the turn where we had to start our off-road journey towards the shrine of Baba Kachi. My friend Malik Asif was my travel buddy. We parked the bike at the point where we could ride it no further because of the road condition there. We still had to do a trekking of 2km to reach the fort site. TDCP has done some work in this area about three years ago. As against 2007 when I first visited this site, the road was in a bit better condition as the rocky terrain was levelled. Also, the main approach to the fort now has proper steps as against the completely rocky path back in 2007. The mountain top, i.e., the fort site, however, was full of wild shrubs and bushes that covered most of the walls. TDCP has placed a small shed at the top for the visitors and a close by boundary now contains a fence, the fort itself had no boundary walls because its inhabitants didn’t need one. The best time to visit Soon valley and especially Tulaja fort is from mid October to December and then from February till mid March, because the trekking in the rest of the year would be either too hot or too cold. The off-road ride to the shrine site and the trekking was an amazing experience. I have done a coverage of the ride and trekking to the fort, which is available on my youtube channel “7thgear by Talal”. Soon valley is blessed with some lakes and amazing landscapes, and a few more adventures await us.

Exclusive written by Talal Hussain Malik for Automark’s December-2024 printed and digital edition.

Introduction: In recent years, pickup trucks have gained immense popularity across Pakistan. From the lively streets of Karachi to the rugged terrains of Balochistan, pickups have established a significant presence in both rural and urban environments. This trend highlights the pickup’s exceptional ability to merge utility, performance, and versatility, catering to a wide array of needs and uses.

1. Versatility for Personal and Commercial Use

One of the primary reasons pickups are becoming increasingly popular in Pakistan is their remarkable versatility. Unlike sedans and compact SUVs, pickups provide a unique combination of personal comfort and heavy-duty capability, making them ideal for families, entrepreneurs, and businesses alike.

In urban settings, pickups are an excellent choice for those who require a sturdy vehicle for both family outings and business activities. Many modern pickups feature double cabins, allowing families to travel in comfort while also providing generous cargo space. Whether for a family outing or picking up groceries, a pickup is a versatile, all-in-one solution.

2. Handling Pakistan’s Diverse Terrain

Pakistan’s varied landscape demands vehicles that can adapt to different terrains and climates. From the rugged mountain roads in the north to the sandy coastal areas in the south, pickups are designed to handle it all. Most contemporary pickups are equipped with four-wheel-drive capabilities, increased ground clearance, and robust suspension systems, enabling them to navigate off-road conditions effortlessly.

In rural regions, pickups are especially valuable for traversing unpaved roads and transporting large loads over extended distances. The combination of durability and adaptability makes them an essential vehicle choice for many.

3. Fuel Efficiency and Cost Effectiveness

Fuel efficiency has been something of a varying consideration for various Pakistani applicable drivers but the new go to cars and even modern pickups are built around this functionality feature and many other fuel-saving technology advancements make today’s models of pickups much more lucrative in terms of cost efficiency and bringing savings to long distance on a broad needs basis, and day to day usage of the car alike.

This cost-effectiveness in turn helps businesses to cut down their operational costs, particularly for those industries that are logistics and transport intensive. Pickups, being able to carry heavier cargo, do not require a lot of trips like standard cars and save on fuel and time as well. The ruggedness and long-life span of a pickup translates to little or no maintenance, increased efficiency and lower operational costs thus making pickups attractive in price sensitive markets.

4. Status Symbol and Lifestyle Choice

You cannot think of a pickup truck in Pakistan without assuming it for practical reasons: the equation has changed into a lifestyle choice and even a quest for status. It is in practice, quiet power, quest for freedom, and clear adventure and with urbanization challenging people in different ways, aspirations shape up the image of people who aim to have great vision and own pickups.

Given the current trend of adventure tourism going towards the higher regions of Pakistan, young professionals, as well as families, see pickups as the most practical mode to have the great outdoors.

Customization and Aftermarket Options

The customization aspect of pickups is what makes them stand out. Pakistan’s aftermarket industry is in its prime as buyers seek combinations of pickups that best suit their personal and business needs. Everything from tough bumpers and custom-made storages to powerful lighting systems and rugged tires is available for which owners of pickups have unique needs.

Security companies could install specialized devices that facilitate their operations, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in carrying out security activities i.e. armoured vehicles, whereas city dwellers would towards the modification of the vehicles for comfort purposes and on style specs. These customization features have made pickups more appealing to a broad spectrum of sellers, giving them extra worth and ensuring they are a long-term investment.

Conclusion:

The preference for pickup trucks in general has seen an increase in both the rural and urban setup of Pakistan, owing to the utility, versatility, and status the vehicle provides. As the development process continues, the need for multipurpose vehicles such as pickups will only become more pronounced as well. For a personal ride, for carrying out business activities or going out for a thrill, pickups offer power and sophistication, which are the precise requirements for the geography and people of Pakistan.

Exclusive written by Vishal Raheja, Manager Marketing & Sales, Ghandhara Automobiles Ltd., for Automark’s December-2024 printed and digital edition.