Automark

Dear Readers! When you were a child, did you ever think your family car would be outfitted with RADAR and SONAR as airplanes and submarines had? Did you even know what LiDAR was? Did you imagine flat-screen displays dominating the dashboard and a navigation system connected to satellites in space? It would have seemed like science fiction, and utterly out of reach for 100 years at least. But today, all of that and more are a reality.

ADAS is the single-most-important type of development going on today. Of course, there are hybrid and electric-powered developments going in parallel, which are also extremely important for reducing greenhouse gases and the use of fossil fuels.

ADAS goes directly to the most important aspect of travel: human safety. Since more than 90% of road accidents, injuries and fatalities are due to human error, every advancement in ADAS has a clear and absolute effect on preventing injuries and deaths. 

A number of topics will be discussed in this paper, including ADAS’s purpose and how it works, types of ADAS, and six levels of autonomy.

What’s the purpose of ADAS?

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ADAS represents passive and active safety systems designed to exclude the human factor of mistake during operation of vehicles of any type. ADAS systems use cutting-edge technologies in order to assist a driver at the driving process, thereby upgrading their performance in driving. ADAS uses a complex system of sensor technologies so that a vehicle could perceive the world around itself and then to either give information to the driver, or act independently ifnecessary.

ADAS systems are currently applied to cars, trucks, buses, farming, construction, and military vehicles.

The NHTSA, or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, reported that over 36,000 Americans died in automobile accidents in 2016 alone. The NHTSA’s August 2019 Traffic Safety Facts Research Note reported that 94% of those accidents were caused by human error, i.e., mistakes made by the driver.

Given this reality, it does not take much imagination to understand just how many lives could be saved by the effective ADAS systems preventing many of these errors. In fact, the IIHS estimates that even the ADAS technologies available right now could prevent or lessen the effects of 1.8 million accidents every year and potentially save up to 10,000 lives per year.

There are many different tiers of ADAS, including simple backup cameras and blind-spot warning sensors, all the way up through to lane departure warning systems, adaptive cruise control, self-parking, and more. The absolute endpoints of ADAS will eventually be cars that are thoroughly autonomous, aka “self-driving,” and that will not need any human driver at all. But even now, years before we get to the point of totally autonomous cars, ADAS safety features are making it safer and safer to drive every day.

Billions of dollars are spent in the development of ADAS technologies by companies around the world. Nowadays, it is hard to find an automobile manufacturer that is not budgeting significant resources on ADAS technology. General Motors, Volvo, Toyota, Ford, Volkswagen, Tesla, BMW, and Audi, to name a few. It’s a long list of virtually every car, truck, and bus manufacturer in the world.

ADAS technology is growing at a pace of a dream, and no one wants to be lagging behind.

How does ADAS work?

It works by alerting the driver to danger or even taking action to avoid an accident. A vehicle that is equipped with ADAS can sense its surroundings, process the information quickly and accurately in a computer system, and then produce the right output for the driver.
ADAS-equipped vehicles are equipped with a wide set of advance sensors that complement the eyes, ears, and decision-making of the human driver. Can you see in the dark? Not too well, but RADAR can. Can you echolocate like a bat or a dolphin to determine if there’s a child behind your car before you put your car in reverse? No, but SONAR sensors can. Can you see in all directions at once? No, but cameras and LiDAR sensors can. Do you know your exact latitude and longitude at all times? No, but several constellations of global positioning satellites in space can send that information to your car, and more.

The ADAS system architecture is basically a suite of sensors, interfaces, and powerful computer processing that integrates all this data and makes decisions in real time. These sensors are constantly measuring the environment around the vehicle and presenting that information to onboard ADAS computers for prioritization and action. Today, they save lives by preventing accidents that would have otherwise happened without ADAS. Someday, these technologies will create fully autonomous vehicles.

Active vs. passive ADAS systems

Passive ADAS systems
Regardless of the number or type of sensors installed, in a PASSIVE ADAS, the computer only will inform the driver of an unsafe condition. The driver will need to take appropriate evasive actions to prevent this condition from becoming an accident. Typical warning methods are sounds and flashing lights, sometimes even in the form of physical feedback, such as a steering wheel that shakes to alert the driver that the lane they are changing into is occupied by another vehicle (blind spot detection). Common Passive ADAS Functions Include:

• ABS – Anti-lock Braking Systems: Keep the car from skidding and turning when emergency braking is applied.
• ESC – Electronic Stability Control: Assists the driver in avoiding under or over-steering, especially during unexpected driving conditions.
• TCS – Traction Control System: Incorporates aspects of both ABS and ESC above, to assist the driver in maintaining adequate traction when negotiating turns and curves.
• Back-up Camera: Provides the driver a view behind the car, when parking or backing up.
• LDW – Lane Departure Warning: Alerts the driver if the vehicle is not keeping within its lane.
• FCW – Forward Collision Warning: Tells the driver to brake in order to avoid a collision ahead.
• Blind Spot Detection: Warns the driver that there is a vehicle in their blind spot.
• Parking Assistance: Warns the driver when their front or rear bumpers are approaching an object at low speeds, i.e. when maneuvering into a parking space.

Active ADAS systems

In an ACTIVE ADAS system, the vehicle takes direct action. Examples of Active ADAS functions include:

• Automatic Emergency Braking: Automatically brakes as required to avoid hitting a vehicle ahead or another object, including pedestrians, animals, or anything in the lane of travel.
• Emergency Steering: steers the car to avoid striking an object in the lane of travel.
• Adaptive Cruise Control: Adjusting cruise control speed to match vehicles ahead.
• Lane Keeping Assist and Lane Centering: Steering the car to stay centered in the lane.
• Traffic Jam Assist: Combines adaptive cruise control and Lane Keeping Assist to provide semi-automated driver help during dense traffic events, i.e., stop-and-go conditions due to lane closures, road construction, etc.
• Self Parking: Self-maneuvering into parking spaces.

The ultimate extension of ADAS technology is full autonomy, i.e., self-driving capability (a common acronym is AV – “Autonomous Vehicle”). If we imagine a future world where cars, trucks, and buses are driving around without human operators in control, the challenges involved in creating such a broad system of automated driving technologies seem daunting.
But the rewards will be great:

• Far fewer accidents are caused by driver error, meaning fewer human injuries and death, as well as fewer damaged or destroyed vehicles and property.
• Lower energy consumption due to ride-sharing, and possibly even fewer cars are needed per capita.
• Self-managed traffic systems on busy roads, meaning fewer traffic jams.
• And many others.

In 1963 Chicago introduced “ramp meters” (traffic lights) at the on-ramps to busy highways, to regulate the number of cars that could enter during busy times of the day and prevent traffic jams. This practice is found all around the world today. In the future, this kind of regulation could be done at a higher level, pacing or even redirecting cars to prevent traffic jams.

The six levels of vehicle autonomy

The US Department of Transportation has adopted the six levels of vehicle autonomy developed by the SAE (The Society of Automotive Engineers International), as follows:

Types of autonomous vehicles

There are several types of autonomous vehicles today:

• Passenger Cars
• Taxis and Ride-Sharing Vehicles
• Transportation Vehicles, Large and Small

Passenger cars

Completely self-driving passenger cars and taxis remain the ultimate goal of this technology. But like America’s moon missions of the 1960s and 1970s, a huge array of benefits, both inside and outside of space exploration, resulted from the technical challenges that had to be overcome to send men to the moon and return them safely to Earth.

So today, years before 100% autonomy has been reached, we are already reaping the benefits of advancements brought about by ADAS technology. With functions like collision avoidance, backup cameras, parking sensors, adaptive cruise control, and blind-spot detection, ADAS systems have already made driving safer.

Tesla’s level 2 “Autopilot” is not the most advanced self-driving technology on the market, but it is probably the best known by consumers because of the popularity of the Tesla brand of cars. Tesla gained fame as a maker of completely electric passenger cars. They are expanding into the small (pickup truck) and large (Class 8) truck space in 2021 and 2022.

Self-driving and electric car technology fit well together since both are very computer-intensive. In July 2021, Tesla began downloading the long-awaited Beta 9 version of level 4 autonomy into their customer’s cars. At the same time, Tesla is quick to caution that drivers must remain in the driver’s seat and be able to take over at any moment. Tesla CEO Elon Musk began promising this beta version as far back as 2018.

Taxis and ride-sharing vehicles

Companies working on self-driving taxis (aka “robo-taxis”) and shared-ride spaces include Waymo, TuSimple, Plus AI, and more. Not surprisingly, ride-share giants, Uber and Lyft are deeply involved in the self-driving space, investing millions and forming alliances across the self-driving landscape. They are looking to replace the cost of human drivers with technology, just as the large and small truck-based delivery companies are.

Looking at one example, Waymo is an American subsidiary of Alphabet, the parent company of Google. Today, people in the metropolitan Phoenix area in the USA can hail a fully autonomous Waymo One taxi using the Waymo app on their smartphones. Waymo driverless taxis are considered to be at level 4 of autonomy, but only within a prescribed route and under known conditions.

As of this writing, Waymo is operating 300 taxis in a ~100 square mile area (~260 km2) that includes the towns of Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa, and Tempe. It should be mentioned that fully driverless, aka “rider only” Waymo taxis operate in an area about half that size.

Transportation trucks, large and small

According to the US Department of Energy (US DOE), each year vehicles transport 11 billion tons (9.9 B metric tons) of freight – roughly $35 B (€29.5 B) worth of goods each day, and move people more than 3 trillion miles (~4.8 T km). The transportation sector accounts for approximately 30% of total US energy needs, and 70% of US petroleum consumption.

The scale of these numbers is why the DOE is so interested in increasing the energy efficiency of transportation, and advanced ADAS features are an essential component. How?

One of the earliest applications envisioned for self-driving or autonomous vehicles was in the area of “platooning” trucks. In this scenario, first put forward by Popular Science magazine in 1995, a lead truck driven by a human operator would lead a convoy (aka “platoon”) of autonomous trucks that would follow a human-operated leader. This approach has applications not just in transportation, but in farming, mining, military operations, and more. Backed by Volvo, Peloton Technology is actively developing truck “platooning” technology.

According to a 2018 DOE report: “Platooning involves the use of vehicle-to-vehicle communications and sensors, such as cameras and radar, to virtually connect two or more trucks together in a convoy. The virtual link enables all of the vehicles in the platoon to communicate with each other, allowing them to automatically accelerate together, brake together, and enables them to follow each other at a closer distance than is typically possible with unlinked trucks.”

Advantages of platooning include:

• Reduced energy costs, because the lead vehicle cuts through the air, reducing the aerodynamic drag on platooned trucks following very closely behind.

• Because there are smaller distances between them, platooned trucks occupy less space on the roads.

• Increased human safety, since there is only one driver. This is even more significant in the platooning of military vehicles operating in war zones.

Today the emphasis on self-driving commercial vehicles is for freight delivery in large trucks, as well as local delivery of food and small packages in much smaller trucks, sometimes referred to as “last mile” delivery. This includes packages as well as food, like pizza delivery, for example. Numerous companies are in the test and small-scale operational phases of development in this area. Companies working in this area include Daimler, Volvo, Navistar, Paccar (the maker of Peterbilt, DAF, and Kenworth trucks), Ford Otosan, and more.

Waymo Via is Waymo’s commercial delivery service, applying the same driverless vehicle technology from their taxi service to both long-haul trucking as well as last-mile delivery using much smaller vehicles. Waymo does not manufacture vehicles but has partnered with other companies like Fiat-Chrysler, Audi, Toyota, and Jaguar.

Tesla is developing the Tesla Semi, a class 8 semi for long-haul trucking. It will feature four independent electric motors – one per drive wheel. The first version will require a driver, but it is intended to become a completely autonomous truck based on the company’s Autopilot system.

It was just a brief introduction to the ADAS system; my next article will concentrate on the technology behind it.

Be sure to stay tuned! 

Exclusive written for Automark Magazine, Oct 2024 By Muhammad Usman Iqbal, Head of Quality Department, Foton Jw Auto Park (Pvt.) Limited.

Economic Overview

Mexico is recognized as one of the most open economies in the world, boasting an extensive network of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) that provide access to 50 countries. This network makes Mexico a vital player in global trade. Key FTAs include:

• Pacific Alliance FTA: Covers 41% of Latin American and Caribbean GDP ($2,707 billion).
• European Union FTA: Represents 22.9% of the world’s GDP ($19,974 billion).
• USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement): Comprising 28% of global GDP ($24,440 billion).
• Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP): Covers 12.9% of global GDP ($11,262 billion).

As the 2nd largest economy in Latin America after Brazil, Mexico’s GDP stands at $1.27 trillion. Despite ranking second in terms of GDP, Mexico is Latin America’s leading exporter, responsible for a third of the region’s total exports.

Automotive Industry Growth in Mexico: Implications and Opportunities

Mexico’s rapid growth in the automotive industry has implications across the value chain. Economic developers in the United States and Canada often view Mexico as a competitive threat due to potential shifts in automotive investments southward. However, many automotive firms in the U.S. and Canada depend on Mexico as part of an integrated supply chain, serving both as a source of inputs and as a destination for outputs.

Mexico’s automotive industry has become a hub for international automotive investments. As companies seek to establish or expand operations in North America, Mexico is increasingly being viewed as a prime location for new facilities. While the country offers numerous advantages, not every operation is suited for Mexico, and some suppliers may find it difficult to establish a presence due to local market dynamics or the specific needs of their clients.

Mexico’s Automotive Aftermarket: A Sector Poised for Growth

The Mexican automotive aftermarket presents significant growth opportunities, particularly as millions of passenger vehicles are now out of warranty in 2023. The population of these out-of-warranty cars is expected to grow at a robust CAGR from 2023 to 2031, creating substantial demand for replacement parts.

The Mexican automotive aftermarket is segmented by vehicle type, replacement parts, and certification:

• Vehicle Type: Divided into passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles.
• Replacement Parts: Includes a wide range of products such as tires, batteries, brake parts, filters, lighting components, electronic components, lubricants, clutch parts, engine components, and more.
• Certification: Products are categorized as genuine parts, certified parts, and counterfeit parts.

This segmentation highlights the variety of products and services in demand, positioning Mexico as a key market for both domestic and international suppliers.

Key Economic Indicators

• Population: 130 million
• GDP Annual Growth: 3.23%
• GDP Per Capita: USD 10,482
• Inflation Rate: 5.53%
• Interest Rate: 10.50%
• Government Debt to GDP Ratio: 48%
• Import Tariffs: 1% to 6% (varies by parts)
• Exchange Rate: I USD = 19.89 Mexican Peso

List of products at 6 digits level imported by Mexico in 2023

detailed products in the following category: 8708 Parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, …

Sources: ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics.

Transportation Options Between Pakistan and Mexico

By Air:

There is at least 1 airline operating flights between Jinnah International Airport (KHI) and AeropuertoInternacionalLIc. Benito Juarez (MEX). The typical flight duration is approximately 1 day 6hours, including layovers. A notable advantage for travelers with a U.S. visa is that Mexico offers the convenience of visa-on-arrival, making the journey smoother for those who meet this requirement.

By Sea:

For shipping goods, the shortest sea route from Port Qasim (PKBQM) in Karachi to Veracruz (MXVER) in Mexico takes about 39 days and 19 hours. This route offers reliable options for transporting cargo between the two countries.

Key Events in MEXICO 2025

Upcoming Exhibitions

Conclusion

Mexico’s economic openness, strong trade agreements, and growing automotive industry make it an attractive destination for international investment. The automotive aftermarket, in particular, presents a thriving opportunity for growth as the country’s fleet of aging vehicles drives demand for replacement parts. For businesses looking to capitalize on Mexico’s dynamic market, understanding the local automotive landscape and leveraging the country’s trade advantages will be key to long-term success.

Mexico’s combination of open trade policies, strategic FTAs, and a booming automotive aftermarket underscores its position as a global economic and industrial powerhouse in the Latin American region.

By Mashood Khan – Director – Mehran Commercial Enterprises – Expert Auto Sector / Former Chairman PAAPAM

Article published in Automark Magazine’s October-2024 printed/digital edition

Dear Readers in times of economic downturn, it’s natural for many to focus on the challenges and hardships that accompany such periods. Businesses struggle, jobs are lost, and uncertainty looms over financial markets. However, history tells us that some of the most successful companies were born during such turbulent times. The great irony of adversity is that, while many falter, others rise from the ashes stronger than ever. This begs the question: Are we focusing too much on the problems, or are we seeking the silver linings hidden within these challenges? More importantly, are we limiting ourselves by buying into the belief that tough times inevitably lead to failure?

The reality is that our mindset plays a critical role in how we navigate adversity. Instead of succumbing to the narrative that economic hardship signals the end of opportunity, perhaps it’s time to shift our perspective. If we look closely, the seeds of success often sprout in the most unexpected circumstances. But it’s up to us to recognize these opportunities, adjust our beliefs, and seize the moment.

Economic Downturns: The Birthplace of Great Companies

Some of the world’s most successful companies were launched during times of economic crisis, when it seemed counterintuitive to start a business. Why would anyone start a company when consumer spending is low, credit is tight, and uncertainty reigns supreme? It turns out that adversity can sharpen focus, spark innovation, and provide fertile ground for new ideas.

1. Microsoft (1975)
   Microsoft, now one of the largest and most influential companies in the world, was founded in 1975, right after a recession that saw economic stagnation. Bill Gates and Paul Allen took a risk and bet on the future of personal computing at a time when the economy wasn’t favorable. This bold move paid off, and today, Microsoft is a cornerstone of the tech industry.
2. Apple (1976)
   Another tech giant, Apple, was founded in the aftermath of the 1970s recession. Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne launched the company in 1976 with a vision of revolutionizing personal computing. Despite economic challenges, Apple thrived by focusing on innovation and creating products that ultimately transformed industries and societies.
3. Airbnb (2008)
   The 2008 global financial crisis is one of the most severe downturns in modern history, but it also gave birth to several transformative companies. Airbnb, a platform that allowed people to rent out their homes or spare rooms to travelers, was one such company. Founded by Brian Chesky, Joe Gebbia, and Nathan Blecharczyk, Airbnb was initially a small idea to make some extra money during tough times. The founders saw an opportunity in a market where many would have seen only struggle, and today Airbnb is a multi-billion dollar enterprise.
4. Uber (2009)
   Uber, now synonymous with ride-sharing, was launched in the wake of the 2008 recession. Its founders, Garrett Camp and Travis Kalanick, saw an opportunity to disrupt the taxi industry and provide more convenient transportation options in cities. Despite the economic challenges, Uber’s innovative approach to an old problem allowed it to flourish, and it fundamentally changed the way people think about mobility.

These examples demonstrate that some of the most groundbreaking companies were created not in times of abundance but in times of scarcity. The economic conditions forced entrepreneurs to think creatively, adapt quickly, and seize opportunities that others might have overlooked. This history raises an important question for all of us: Are we focusing too much on what’s going wrong, or are we actively looking for opportunities during tough times?

Mindset Matters: The Power of Perception in Times of Crisis

During challenging times, it’s easy to fall into the trap of focusing solely on problems. We complain about shrinking markets, declining sales, and economic uncertainty. However, what often limits us isn’t the external circumstances—it’s our internal beliefs and mindset.

If we believe that an economic downturn automatically means failure, our actions will reflect that belief. We’ll be more cautious, risk-averse, and pessimistic about the future. But what if we challenged these beliefs? What if, instead of seeing problems, we chose to see possibilities?

This shift in mindset is crucial because it changes the way we approach adversity. When we stop focusing on what’s wrong and start asking, “Where are the opportunities?” we open ourselves up to new possibilities. This doesn’t mean ignoring the challenges—far from it. It means acknowledging the difficulties while also looking for silver linings.

Challenging Limiting Beliefs

Let’s consider the belief that “businesses always go down in tough times.” This is a limiting belief that isn’t necessarily true. While many companies do struggle, others thrive by finding new ways to serve their customers, pivoting to new markets, or developing innovative products. The key difference lies in mindset: The companies that succeed during downturns are those that don’t accept the status quo. They challenge the notion that failure is inevitable and instead focus on what they can control.

Think of how digital platforms, such as Zoom and Netflix, flourished during the COVID-19 pandemic. These companies were able to capitalize on the sudden shift in consumer behavior, not because they were lucky, but because they were prepared and positioned to meet the new demand. Similarly, e-commerce platforms like Shopify saw explosive growth as more businesses moved online to survive lockdowns. These companies succeeded not because they avoided the crisis, but because they embraced the opportunities hidden within it.

Finding the Silver Linings: The Role of Innovation

If adversity sharpens focus, then it also fuels innovation. When resources are scarce and the environment is hostile, companies are forced to think creatively to survive. This is often when some of the most innovative ideas are born.

Consider how economic downturns can lead to:

• Cost-Cutting Innovation: During lean times, businesses are forced to innovate not just in their products but also in their processes. This may lead to breakthroughs in efficiency, reducing waste, and creating leaner, more agile operations.
• New Consumer Needs: When the economy struggles, consumer needs shift. People may prioritize value over luxury, or they may seek out new ways to save money. Companies that can identify and meet these changing needs are well-positioned to succeed. For example, during the 2008 financial crisis, companies offering budget-friendly solutions or subscription models (like Netflix) thrived as consumers looked for affordable entertainment.
• Shifts in Technology and Behavior: Economic downturns can accelerate shifts in technology and behavior. For instance, remote working tools like Slack, Zoom, and Microsoft Teams all grew in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Companies that recognized these shifts early and adapted their offerings accordingly were able to succeed despite the broader economic struggles.

Taking Advantage of Opportunity: A Call to Action

The companies that have thrived during economic downturns didn’t simply wait for things to get better—they actively sought out and created opportunities. In the same way, we must ask ourselves: How are we limiting our approach? What beliefs are holding us back? What opportunities are we overlooking because we’re too focused on the problems?

Instead of saying, “It’s a tough time, therefore, everything is difficult,” we should shift our thinking. Yes, there are challenges, but those challenges often reveal new opportunities. Perhaps new markets are emerging, consumer needs are shifting, or there are inefficiencies in current systems that can be improved. We need to actively look for the silver linings and adapt our strategies to seize them.

Conclusion: Thriving in Tough Times

Economic downturns will always pose significant challenges. But history shows us that these times are also ripe with opportunity for those willing to change their perspective. Whether it’s by innovating in the face of adversity, challenging limiting beliefs, or recognizing shifting consumer needs, there is always room for growth—even in the harshest environments.

The question is: Are we focusing on the problem, or are we actively looking for the opportunity? The companies that succeed in tough times are those that choose the latter, and in doing so, they not only survive but thrive.

Now is the time to ask: Where are the opportunities? What can we do differently? The answers to these questions will determine who rises from the ashes when the storm passes.

Exclusive article written by Aqeel Bashir for Automark Magazine’s October-2024 printed/digital edition

Dear reader!! The change in the automotive sector from internal combustion engine (ICE) to electric vehicles (EVs) is bringing about a new revolution. Similarly, quite a lot deeper change is being witnessed in the aftersales market. As many similarities exist between the maintenance needs of EVs and ICE vehicles, it is also likely that there may be some differences as well that must be addressed by the providers of Aftersales Services so that their special needs are catered to by the changing behavior of EV customers. In this regard, by better understanding the specific needs of the EV owner and through investment in specialist training and infrastructure, Aftersales Service providers can position themselves at the forefront of this industry. This will then enable the businesses to offer excellent customer service and support and thereby contribute to the successful adoption of electric vehicles.

Electric vehicles, or EVs as it is popularly termed, have been gaining popularity rapidly in the automotive sector. It has transformed and redefined how we consider transportation. These EVs have attracted consumers through a combination of technology, environmental concerns, and government support. Compared to the gasoline-powered counterparts, the most notable advantage of using EVs is relatively low operating costs. They are less expensive to maintain, incur no fuel costs, and often have lower road tax or registration fees in most jurisdictions.

EVs are cleaner and greener: since they are emitters of zero tailpipe emissions, something which becomes very important in urban areas due to a big air pollution problem. Performance-wise, EVs often outperform their gasoline counterparts in terms of thrust, operated quietly, and respond faster to acceleration. Several governments around the world have offered incentives on the adoption of EV’s through tax credits, subsides, and free charging infrastructure therefore are increased in recent years. Advancement in battery technology, development of charging infrastructure, and more sophisticated automobile designs make EVs appear as being made more accessible and convenient for consumers. Climate change awareness and sustainable transportation needs have fueled the trends of EVs. The International Energy Agency claims that there are 145 million electric cars on the road worldwide by 2030 and 10 million only in 2020-2021. This is a tremendous shift within the automotive landscape and endorses growing acceptance of EVs.

Electric vehicle adoption is gaining momentum at unprecedented speeds. Along with this, aftersales service for electric vehicles is growing at a tremendous speed too. In fact, the market of aftersales services for electric vehicles is quite promising with considerable opportunities to exploit rising demand for specialized knowledge and services. A lot of challenges remain in acquiring expertise and infrastructure to provide aftersales services in electric vehicles.

The rise of electric vehicles serves to change not only the method of designing and manufacturing cars but also the after-sales services profoundly. In comparison with ICE vehicles, it brings a different challenge for manufacturers, service providers, and customers in terms of aftersales services. The whole aftersales services have changed completely with the advent of electric powertrains. Routine maintenance activities like oil changes, exhaust repair, and engine diagnostics no longer dominate.

Changes in the service ecosystem-from the frequency and characteristics of repairs to tools, skills, and infrastructure supporting EVs-have all been impacted by the introduction of electrical powertrains. The main differences in the aftersales services between the electrical vehicles and the ICE vehicles not only mark the basis of the route parading the fundamental design of these technologies but also signify a direction that stands at the very core of development in industry-the shift towards digitalization, sustainability, and convenience for customers.

As those customers are more likely to rely on their vehicles for daily transportation, a need for reliable and efficient Aftersales Services is becoming the top priority for a regular inspection of the vehicle by skilled team. Global induction of electric vehicles has brought into view the necessity of Aftersales Service to become an important and emergent aspect of the modern automobile industry.

Unlike other traditional automobile vehicles, EVs are supposed to require unique maintenance and repair Services such as battery management, charging infrastructure support, and downloading software updates, among others. Aftersales service in EVs is entirely distinct from all the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and thus poses challenges and opportunities in maintenance, repair, and customer support. Strong after-sales ecosystems assure customer satisfaction and brand loyalty, and higher long-term adoption of EVs. This new market calls for companies to transform business models, teaching skilled technicians and developing new services based on new generations’ needs to witness such a shift in vehicle technology. EVs have fewer moving parts and less wear and tear than an ICE vehicle.

Units like an engine, transmission systems, and exhaust systems are replaced by units like electric motors and battery systems. Routine servicing such as changing oil, replacing spark plugs, and replacing fuel filters are now considered obsolete, thereby reducing the regularity of maintenance. Routine checks of the health of the battery and its maintenance would allow it to operate perfectly with a maximum life span. The routines must check for voltage, state of charge, and temperature. In general, the performance and lifetime of the EV depend on the health of the battery, and hence diagnostics, software updates, and the monitoring of battery performance are integral components of an Aftersales Service.

The life of EVs is usually abbreviated by the degeneration of their batteries, which may become necessary to replace. Aftersales service providers should have the know-how and infrastructure to replace batteries cost effectively. Companies can offer battery repair, refurbishment, or replacement programs and also offer warranties for establishing goodwill with the customers. Ensuring Responsible and Sustainable EV Battery Disposal EV batteries need proper disposal and recycling methods for environmental sustainability. Aftersales service providers must tie up with facilities that recycle used batteries responsibly.

EVs rely heavily on software systems-including battery management, driver-assistance features, and infotainment-they would hence require best-in-class OTA software updates releasing new features or improving performance. They also now include in their Aftersales Services software-based troubleshooting as well as cybersecurity support-where these aspects are less prominent in classic ICE aftersales.

After-sales Service revenue from standard activities such as oil change and filter changes usually have a consumption ratio of 100%. The revenues from service are therefore said to be completely consumed by the dealership’s costs in terms of labor, parts, and overhead.These are standard maintenance tasks that must be undertaken for the proper functioning and durability of the vehicle; normally, customers will pay for them. Although EVs also require periodic maintenance, the type and frequencies of such services might differ from those for ICE vehicles. Thus, the aftersales revenue absorption ratio might be affected by such differences. In terms of maintenance needs, the aftersales revenue absorption ratio for EVs compared with ICEs might be lower. However, the potential revenues of dealerships through service activities for EVs are quite visible.

They can focus on battery management, charging infrastructure support, software updates, and general maintenance. All these can help dealerships really build out profitable aftersales business for EVs. While some revenue streams are going to be limited by a reduced need for traditional forms of maintenance, new opportunities created by such factors as battery diagnostics, software updates, subscription services, and sustainability initiatives are exciting. Companies embracing digitalization and working on innovative service models will be well positioned to realize this increasingly dynamic EV market. Strategic investment in training, infrastructure, and customer engagement programs will help businesses navigate this shift and unlock new sources of aftersales revenue.

Challenges and Opportunities
The EVs Aftersales Service market presents challenges and opportunities at the same time, as this shift to electric vehicles has brought some unusual challenges but tremendous amounts of growth and innovation. Adaptation to change by infrastructure retooling, staff upskilling, and customer-centric services and digitalization, sustainability, as well as emerging new business models, will only have service providers service providers ready for success. New revenue opportunities will be unveiled relative to customer satisfaction. For EV aftersales service to be successful, the bottom line includes answering ahead of the curve about the challenges and making an opportunity to create seamless, reliable, and sustainable customer experience.

• Skilled technician: A fully qualified and experienced technician is needed to acquire deep knowledge of the subtleties of EV technology to ensure effective maintenance and repair tasks. There is a requirement for specific tools and infrastructure for handling high-voltage systems, with tremendous investments needed in retooling workshops and erecting EV service networks. Technicians have to undergo recurring training and certification on aspects of electric drivetrains, battery diagnostics, and software troubleshooting among others, which increases the cost of operations. Smaller, independent service providers may have some issues sustaining the capital expenditure that is necessary to service EVs. The number of qualified EV technicians created by this expansion requires an outgrowth in the labor side. This often leads to a shortage. Mechanics who have regularly prepared on the maintenance of ICE vehicles require intensive retraining to handle the EVs safely and efficiently. This slows the transition.
• Charging Infrastructure: The development of charging infrastructure is mainly in demand as far as the ramp up of EVs and the growth of the Aftersales Service market are concerned. Customers are mostly dissuaded by the lack of charging infrastructure as they cannot get swift access to charging when opting to have repairs done. Remoteness and lesser developed regions in terms of their network continue to pose significant difficulties in the effective service of customers for service providers.
•  Battery replacement, disposal, Warranty and Liability Issues: These usually include long terms for battery warranties, which would provide significant responsibility to manufacturers and dealers to ensure the health of the battery for a long time. Recycling technologies for batteries are still under development; presently, extraction of raw materials, like lithium, cobalt, nickel, etc., is hard and costly. Since most consumers are concerned about battery degradation or other performance-related problems, warranty management and consumer expectations increase complexities in aftersales processes.

Takeaway from this article:

Electric vehicles have in the past few years experienced a major transformation in the automobile industry, changing the face of the automobile world, as the shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) changes the after-sales service industry. Very soon, there will be a drastic change in transportation, energy consumption, and much environmental change.
The automotive industry is moving in the direction of electric mobility, a new reality that changes dynamics. Businesses can play leading roles in a growing EV aftersales service market by capitalizing on opportunities and addressing challenges. As overall EV penetration increases, the aftersales service industry is in for transformation.

Businesses can make money out of the expanding market for EV aftersales services only if they understand the special demands electric vehicles have. Differentiated by specialized training and infrastructure, aftersales service providers can play a pivotal role in supporting the successful adoption of electric vehicles by going an extra mile in customer satisfaction and with being ahead of the technological curve.

Exclusive article written by Muhammad Rafique for Automark Magazine’s October-2024 printed/digital edition

In Pakistan’s rapidly evolving automotive market, new entrants continue to emerge, making it essential for car owners to understand and maintain the resale value of their vehicles. Cars are often one of the most significant investments individuals make, and much like any other financial asset, their value can appreciate or depreciate based on how they are treated over time. For car owners, protecting resale value can lead to significant financial returns when it’s time to upgrade, sell, or trade-in their vehicle.

This article explores the factors influencing resale value, the advantages of maintaining your car through authorized dealerships, and how strategic ownership decisions can transform a vehicle into a valuable asset. Whether you’ve purchased a new entrant model or are considering one, these tips will help ensure you get the best return on your investment when selling.

What is Resale Value and Why is it Important?

Resale value is the estimated amount a vehicle can be sold for after being used for a certain period. It is a critical aspect for car owners and prospective buyers alike because it significantly affects the total cost of ownership. Whether you’re upgrading to a newer model or simply need to sell your car, understanding resale value can help you make more informed decisions.

In Pakistan, as new entrants like DFSK, MG, HAVAL, and Changan challenge traditional players such as Toyota, Suzuki, and Honda, understanding resale value becomes even more essential.

Factors Affecting the Resale Value of Cars in Pakistan

Several factors influence how much a car will be worth when it’s time to sell:

1. Brand and Model Reputation
   A car brand’s reputation for quality, durability, and reliability plays a significant role in its resale value. Established brands like Toyota and Honda have a strong resale market due to their history of reliability and customer trust. New entrants may take time to build this level of trust, but brands like DFSK, MG,Changan& HAVAL have gained attention due to their competitive features and pricing.
2. Number of Units on the Road:

The number of cars seen on the road plays a significant role in shaping a model’s perceived popularity and its resale value. When a car is commonly spotted, it gains recognition, fostering trust among potential buyers. This familiarity can give the impression that the car is reliable, well-received, and widely accepted in the market, thereby boosting its resale value.

• Vehicle Condition
  The physical and mechanical condition of your car is crucial. Well-maintained cars with fewer issues always fetch higher prices. For new entrants in Pakistan, maintaining a flawless maintenance history can help offset potential skepticism buyers may have towards less-established brands.
• Mileage
  Lower mileage cars are generally perceived as less worn out and can command a higher resale price. Pakistanis prioritize mileage when purchasing used vehicles, so keeping your car’s mileage low can help maintain its value.
• Age of the Car
  Newer cars typically have higher resale values, but they also lose 15-25% of their value annually in the first few years. If you buy a car from a new entrant, be prepared for a steeper depreciation curve until the brand’s resale market matures.
• Market Demand
  If a car model is popular, its resale value remains high. SUVs and compact sedans are particularly sought after in Pakistan. Vehicles that are hard to find may command higher resale prices due to limited availability, which may benefit new entrants with limited market supply.
• Fuel Efficiency
  With fluctuating fuel prices, fuel-efficient cars tend to retain their value better. The market is also seeing a shift toward hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs), with models like Toyota Cross, SERES 3 (EV), HAVAL, MG ZS EV, and Changangaining traction for their efficiency.
• Features and Trim
  Cars equipped with advanced safety systems, modern infotainment options, and premium interiors usually hold better resale value than base models. Buyers in Pakistan increasingly seek modern features in used cars.
• Color
  Surprisingly, car color affects resale value. Neutral colors like white, black, and silver are preferred in Pakistan, while unique colors might struggle to attract potential buyers.
• Economic and Regulatory Factors
  Government regulations, such as new emissions standards or taxes, can impact a car’s demand and resale value. Pakistan’s push toward stricter emission standards and EV adoption may negatively impact older diesel vehicles and boost the resale value of hybrids and EVs.

Understanding How Resale Value Works

Understanding how depreciation and sales channels impact resale value can help you make smarter decisions:

1. Depreciation

Cars naturally depreciate over time, typically losing 15-25% of their value each year, with the most significant depreciation occurring in the first 3-5 years. By year five, most vehicles are worth about 40-50% of their original market retail price. However, factors like economic inflation can have a direct and varying impact on the resale value of vehicles, potentially altering these depreciation ratios. High inflation may drive up the cost of new cars, which in turn can influence the demand and resale price of used vehicles.

• Trade-In vs. Private Sale
  In Pakistan, selling your car privately often yields a higher resale price than trading it in at a dealership. Dealerships need to make a profit, so they typically offer less when buying a used car. However, trading in might be more convenient if you’re upgrading.
• Certified Pre-Owned (CPO)
  Certified pre-owned vehicles undergo rigorous inspections and refurbishments by authorized dealerships. CPO cars often come with warranties, making them more appealing to buyers and fetching higher resale values.
• Vehicle History
  A clean vehicle history—free of accidents or major repairs—can increase resale value. Authorized dealerships can verify vehicle histories, improving transparency in the used car market.

Maximizing Your Car’s Resale Value

While resale value is affected by factors such as age and mileage, there are several steps owners can take to maintain or even increase their vehicle’s value over time:

• Regular Maintenance: Routine servicing, including oil changes, brake inspections, and tire alignments, is crucial in maintaining resale value. Buyers prefer cars that have been well cared for.
• Protect the Exterior and Interior: A car’s appearance significantly influences buyer interest. Regular washing, waxing, and addressing minor scratches can keep the exterior sharp. Protecting upholstery from stains and damage is essential; using seat covers and floor mats can help.
• Avoid Aftermarket Modifications: While personalizing your vehicle may be tempting, aftermarket modifications often reduce resale value. Buyers typically prefer factory-standard cars, as modifications can signal misuse or reduced reliability.

The Role & Importance of Authorized Dealerships in Maintenance

Maintenance at an authorized dealership can enhance your car’s resale value by assuring potential buyers. Here’s why:

• Certified Service: Technicians at authorized dealerships are specifically trained to work on your car model, ensuring high-quality service.
• Genuine Parts: Authorized dealerships use genuine parts designed for your vehicle, contributing to its longevity. Cars serviced with original parts tend to fetch higher resale values.
• Warranty Protection: Maintaining regular services at an authorized dealership often keeps the manufacturer’s warranty intact, making the vehicle more attractive to buyers.
• Comprehensive Service Records: Dealerships maintain detailed records of every service performed. These records can serve as a powerful selling point when you’re ready to resell, providing transparency and peace of mind to potential buyers.
• Recall Management: Dealerships manage recalls, ensuring any potential safety issues are addressed. This boosts resale value by demonstrating that the car is in optimal condition.

Key Takeaway:

Maximizing the resale value of a car requires a combination of regular maintenance, smart ownership decisions, and careful upkeep. For new entrants in Pakistan, building trust in the brand will play a key role in resale value.

Treating your vehicle as an investment and taking proactive steps to protect its condition can lead to better returns when it comes time to sell. As the automotive landscape in Pakistan continues to grow with new entrants, understanding how to maintain and enhance resale value can significantly impact the total cost of ownership. Viewing a car as part of a broader asset portfolio can transform it into a valuable financial tool.

Exclusive article written by Asif Mehmood for Automark Magazine’s October-2024 printed/digital edition

As the electric vehicle (EV) market in Pakistan continues to grow, driven by various factors, we recognize the need for standardization to promote economies of scale, enhance product quality, and provide greater consumer convenience. In this regard, we would like to propose the standardization of the following key components across electric vehicle manufacturers:

1. Wheel Hub Electric Motors
2. Lithium Batteries
3. Inverters
4. Controllers
5. Switches
6. Metal Parts
7. Common battery sizes and voltages for all products   
8. Uniform tire sizes
9. Interchangeable electric components (inverter, controller, switches)

This standardization will enable vendors to develop compatible electric motorcycle scooter kits and parts, such as:

1. Wheel hub motors  
2. Batteries 
3. Inverters   
4. Controllers
5. Switches 
6. Tyres  
7. Frames   
8. Metal parts
9. Rubber Parts
10. Wire Harness
11. Cables

History of Standardized Common Parts of Conventional Gasoline Motorcycles in Pakistan
In 2003, motorcycle production and sales in Pakistan were at 100,000 units. With the establishment of new motorcycle factories and the adoption of standardized common parts, production and sales have surged to over two million units. All OEMs began producing 70cc, 100cc, and 125cc motorcycles using common parts, with vendors manufacturing and supplying these parts across the board. This standardization led to increased production volumes, a reduction in prices, and ultimately, significant benefits for end users. We propose applying this same strategy to electric motorcycle scooters to drive production, sales, and cost reductions for the benefit of consumers.

Benefits of Standardization

For the Industry:

• Increased production volumes
• Reduced production costs
• Improved quality control
• Enhanced competitiveness
• Streamlined supply chain management

For Consumers:

• Standard warranties and guarantees across brands
• Easier access to replacement parts and repairs
• Reduced maintenance costs
• Improved performance and safety
• Increased consumer confidence

Standardization Parameters
To ensure compatibility and efficiency, we suggest standardizing the following:

1. Specifications
2. Design
3. Sizes
4. Performance criteria

Implementation Roadmap
We recommend the following steps for successful implementation:

1. Formation of a technical committee comprising industry stakeholders
2. Definition of standardization parameters
3. Development of standardized component specifications
4. Industry-wide adoption and implementation

By introducing these standardized components, we can create a more efficient, competitive, and consumer-friendly electric vehicle industry in Pakistan. Furthermore, this approach will support the localization and development of electric motorcycle scooters, boosting local manufacturing, creating jobs, and reducing overall production costs.

The Growing EV Market: Challenges and Opportunities
As over 100 assemblers prepare to enter the market with electric bikes, we face both challenges and opportunities. Standardization will be critical to addressing issues related to quality control, market competition, and potential market saturation, while opening up avenues for job creation, market education, and infrastructure development.

Why Standardization is Essential
Standardization of EV bikes in Pakistan is critical for ensuring safety, quality, and a seamless user experience. By defining common technical specifications, safety requirements, and performance benchmarks, we can facilitate the integration of e-bikes into the broader transportation system. Key benefits include:

• Safety Assurance: Establishing safety benchmarks ensures quality and prevents accidents caused by substandard manufacturing.
• Interoperability of Charging Infrastructure: Standardized charging protocols will allow users to charge e-bikes at various stations across the country, promoting accessibility.
• Quality Assurance: Standardization ensures that all electric bikes meet high-quality standards, leveling the playing field for manufacturers.
• Market Growth: Clear standards will encourage new players to enter the market, fostering healthy competition and innovation.
• Consumer Confidence: Consumers will feel confident knowing their e-bikes meet standardized safety and performance criteria.

Steps Toward Standardization in Pakistan

1. Regulatory Framework: The government should establish a comprehensive regulatory framework that includes safety standards, technical specifications, and certification processes.
2. Industry Collaboration: Manufacturers, suppliers, and other stakeholders should work together to define common standards and address challenges collectively.
3. Consumer Education: Raising awareness about the benefits of standardized products is key to helping consumers make informed purchasing decisions.
4. Incentives and Support: The government can encourage adoption through financial incentives, tax breaks, and research grants for manufacturers who comply with standardization guidelines.

By embracing standardization, Pakistan can lead the way in building a sustainable and competitive electric vehicle industry.

Thank you for considering our proposals. I look forward to further discussions on how we can contribute to the success of the upcoming policy and subsidy program for electric motorcycle scooters.

Exclusive written by Muhammad Yousuf Shaikh for Automark magazine’s November-2024 printed/digital edition
Chairman, Pakistan China Motorcycle Industry Council (PCMIC)

EV adoption is indeed a process, not an event. EV adoption is a gradual process involving multiple stakeholders and phases, and managing the end-of-life (EoL) phase for electric vehicle (EV) batteries is a critical part of this journey. An effective strategy for EV battery disposal, recycling, or repurposing must consider sustainability, cost efficiency, and minimal environmental impact.

1. Battery Health Monitoring and Diagnosis

Using advanced diagnostic tools to monitor the battery health in real-time ensures that issues are detected before they lead to major failures. This can reduce downtime, lower replacement costs, and improve overall EV reliability.

Key Areas for Monitoring:

• State of Health (SoH): Tracks the battery’s ability to hold charge compared to its original capacity. It provides an indication of how much the battery has degraded over time.
• State of Charge (SoC): Measures the current energy level of the battery as a percentage of its total capacity.
• Temperature Monitoring: Excessive heat during charging or discharging can degrade battery components. Monitoring temperature helps to avoid damage caused by overheating.
• Cycle Count: The number of charging and discharging cycles a battery has undergone. Batteries have a limited cycle life, and tracking this helps in estimating remaining useful life.
• Internal Resistance: Increases in internal resistance can signal the onset of aging in battery cells, affecting performance.

Advanced Tools for Battery Monitoring:

• On-board Diagnostics (OBD): Provides real-time battery health data through the vehicle’s on-board systems.
• Telematics and Cloud-based Monitoring: EV fleets can use telematics to remotely monitor battery health, enabling fleet managers to plan for maintenance or replacements.
• Machine Learning Algorithms: These algorithms can predict battery degradation patterns based on historical data, offering insights into when battery maintenance or replacement will be needed.

2. End-of-Life Scenario for EV Batteries

As electric vehicle (EV) batteries age and gradually lose capacity and eventually reach a point where they can no longer efficiently power the vehicle. Typically, EV batteries last between 10-20 years or up to 100,000-150,000 miles, depending on factors like usage patterns, battery technology, and environmental conditions. While advancements in battery technology and management systems are continuously improving battery life, effective strategies for end-of-life management are critical for sustainability and minimizing environmental impact.

Key Considerations in Battery Degradation

1. Capacity Loss: Over time, lithium-ion batteries lose their ability to hold a charge, which results in decreased driving range. Most EV manufacturers consider a battery at the end of its life when it loses about 70-80% of its original capacity.
2. Gradual Degradation: Battery degradation happens gradually, influenced by factors such as:

2. Driving habits: Aggressive driving or frequent deep discharges can speed up degradation.
3. Charging practices: Fast charging often, especially at high currents, can reduce battery life.
4. Temperature extremes: Both very high and very low temperatures negatively impact battery health. Efficient thermal management systems help mitigate this effect.
5. Maintenance and Software Updates: Proper maintenance and periodic software updates to the Battery Management System (BMS) can extend battery life by optimizing cell balancing, controlling charge/discharge cycles, and managing temperatures.

3. Battery Second-Life Applications

When an EV battery no longer provides efficient power for vehicle propulsion but still holds a significant charge, repurposing it for less demanding applications is a highly sustainable option. These second-life applications help extend the battery’s lifespan and reduce environmental impact.

Key Second-Life Applications:

• Energy Storage Systems (ESS):
  • Repurposed batteries can be integrated into home energy storage systems, where they store electricity from renewable sources like solar panels for later use.
  • Commercial Backup Power: Batteries can be used as backup power sources for businesses, especially during peak load times or in areas prone to power outages.
  • Grid Balancing and Stabilization: Utility companies can use second-life batteries to help stabilize the grid by storing excess energy during low-demand periods and releasing it during high-demand periods. This is crucial for integrating intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind into the grid.
  • Micro grid and Off-grid Solutions: In remote or rural areas without consistent grid access, second-life batteries can be part of small-scale power systems (microgrids) that provide reliable electricity.

Benefits of Second-Life Applications:

• Cost Efficiency: Repurposing batteries for ESS is often cheaper than manufacturing new energy storage devices, allowing consumers or businesses to save on energy storage solutions.
• Extended Battery Lifespan: Second-life use can add several years of productive life to a battery, reducing the frequency with which new batteries need to be manufactured.
• Environmental Impact Reduction: By repurposing, we delay the recycling or disposal process, thereby lowering the immediate environmental impact.

4.Recycling

When second-life applications are not feasible due to poor battery health or significant degradation, recycling is the next best step. Recycling ensures the recovery of valuable materials and minimizes environmental harm.Up to 90% of the materials in an EV battery can be recycled, reducing the need for new raw materials and minimizing environmental impact.

Key Considerations for Recycling:

• Material Recovery: EV batteries contain precious metals like lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. Recycling allows for the recovery of these materials, reducing the need for new mining and the associated environmental impacts.
• Safety: Due to the hazardous nature of battery materials, batteries should be sent to certified recycling facilities that adhere to strict safety and environmental guidelines. Proper disposal helps prevent issues like toxic chemical leaks or fires.
• Reducing Landfill Waste: Recycling keeps EV batteries out of landfills, where they would otherwise contribute to soil and water contamination through leakage of harmful chemicals.

Advanced Recycling Techniques:

• Hydrometallurgy: This process uses liquid solvents to extract valuable metals from battery cells, with high recovery rates for critical materials like lithium and cobalt.
• Pyro metallurgy: This method involves high-temperature smelting to recover metals. Though less efficient than hydrometallurgy, it can be useful for large-scale recycling operations.
• Direct Recycling: This emerging technique aims to recycle battery components without fully breaking them down, preserving the original structure of materials and potentially allowing for a more cost-effective recycling process.

5. Collaboration with Recycling Partners

To ensure batteries are recycled efficiently and sustainably, it is essential to form strategic partnerships with certified battery recycling companies. These partnerships can streamline the process and help manage costs.

Key Strategies for Collaboration:

• Select Certified and Reputable Recycling Partners: Work with companies that have the appropriate certifications for safe battery handling and recycling. These certifications ensure compliance with environmental regulations and industry best practices.
• Establish a Battery Return and Recycling Program: Partner with recycling firms to create a convenient battery return system for consumers and businesses. This can involve setting up collection points at dealerships or service centers where consumers can easily drop off their old batteries.
• Integrate with the Supply Chain: Recycling partners can become part of the supply chain for new battery manufacturing. Recovered materials like lithium and nickel can be supplied back to battery manufacturers, creating a circular economy.
• Data Sharing and Transparency: Maintain open communication with recycling partners to ensure data transparency on the recycling process, recovery rates, and environmental impact. This can be part of sustainability reporting for both the EV manufacturer and the recycler.
• Environmental and Regulatory Considerations

Recycling is crucial because mining the raw materials for EV batteries, such as lithium and cobalt, has significant environmental consequences. Additionally, the production of EV batteries is energy-intensive and produces CO2 emissions. Recycling reduces the demand for newly mined materials, lowers the environmental footprint, and complies with emerging regulations. For example, the European Union has set stringent recycling targets for manufacturers, mandating the recovery of specific percentages of critical metals by 2027 and 2031.

Importance of Battery Recycling

Recycling EV batteries helps reduce the environmental impact associated with raw material extraction and battery production. It also supports the circular economy by reintegrating valuable materials back into the supply chain, reducing the need for new batteries and lessening the overall environmental burden.

EV Battery Recycling Future in Pakistan

The future of the battery recycling industry in Pakistan holds significant potential, particularly with the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the growing emphasis on sustainable practices. Here’s an overview of the key factors that will shape the industry:

1. Growing EV Market

As Pakistan continues to adopt EVs, driven by government policies like the Electric Vehicle Policy 2020-2025, the demand for lithium-ion batteries will rise. With more EVs on the road, there will eventually be a higher volume of batteries reaching the end of their life cycles, creating a demand for efficient recycling solutions.

2. Policy and Regulatory Support

The success of the battery recycling industry in Pakistan will largely depend on supportive government policies and regulations. Pakistan’s EV policy already encourages the local manufacturing and assembly of EVs, and it could be expanded to include specific guidelines for battery recycling. Developing stringent regulations on battery disposal and incentivizing recycling efforts can drive the growth of this sector.

3. Environmental and Economic Imperatives

Battery recycling is essential for mitigating the environmental impacts of mining raw materials like lithium, cobalt, and nickel. In Pakistan, where environmental concerns are increasingly important, the recycling industry can play a crucial role in reducing waste and minimizing the environmental footprint of the EV market.

Economically, the battery recycling industry can contribute to job creation and the development of new business opportunities. By recovering valuable materials, recycling can reduce reliance on imports of raw materials, strengthening local supply chains and supporting Pakistan’s industrial base.

4. Technological Advancements

The future of battery recycling in Pakistan will also be influenced by advancements in recycling technologies. Developing efficient and cost-effective methods for recycling lithium-ion batteries is crucial. As global technologies evolve, Pakistan can benefit from adopting and adapting these innovations to suit local needs.

Collaborations with international partners, research institutions, and private sector investments will be vital in bringing cutting-edge recycling technologies to Pakistan. This can also help in setting up infrastructure and facilities dedicated to battery recycling.

5. Public Awareness and Industry Collaboration

Public awareness about the importance of recycling and the environmental benefits of EVs is critical for the success of the battery recycling industry. Educational campaigns and industry collaboration can promote responsible disposal and recycling practices among consumers and businesses.

Industry collaboration, particularly between automakers, battery manufacturers, and recycling companies, can create a more cohesive ecosystem for battery recycling. Establishing partnerships and shared facilities could help in scaling up the recycling industry.

6. Potential Challenges

Despite the opportunities, there are challenges that Pakistan might face in developing a robust battery recycling industry, including:

• Infrastructure Gaps: Developing the necessary infrastructure for battery collection, transportation, and recycling can be challenging, especially in remote areas.
• High Initial Costs: Setting up recycling facilities requires significant investment, and the initial costs might be a barrier.
• Regulatory and Compliance Issues: Ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and maintaining high standards in recycling practices will be essential.

Key Takeaway:

The future of the battery recycling industry in Pakistan holds great potential, driven by the increasing adoption of EVs and a growing emphasis on sustainability. With a balanced approach that includes policy support, technological innovation, industry collaboration, and public awareness, Pakistan can establish an efficient battery recycling industry. This industry will not only bolster the EV market but also contribute to environmental preservation and foster economic growth.

This exclusive article has been published in Automark Magazine’s October-2024 printed/digital edition. Written by @Asif Mehmood

Dear readers, while writing in my article published in Automark edition September 2024, titled Enhancing Educational Relevance: A Fresh Perspective on the Industrial Advisor Board. Universities and technical institutes often collaborate with the government and industries in research work which forms policies and regulations related to sustainability, safety, and emission standards. It is an important collaboration between industry, academia, and students to enable businesses not to be out of date with regulatory changes so that compliance can be smoothened. In the highly regulated automobile industry, being abreast with the latest standards in emissions, safety, and environmental issues determines market access and repute.

Such partnerships thereby contribute to the development of a skilled workforce, increase the productivity of industries, and lead to the enrichment of quality of life. The question now is will we arm our youth with the technical skills necessary for them to become assets or let them drift to become liabilities to themselves, their families, and country? The choice is ours. If we want them to become meaningful contributors to society, the only direction to take is to nurture them properly through quality technical education. It is in collaboration with these institutions that the industry would be better positioned to predict these changes in regulations and hence prepare for them. Such collaboration is crucial, particularly in the development of safety standards for emerging technologies like autonomous driving and ADAS, wherein universities are on the front lines researching the reliability and safety, and ethical implications of autonomy that sooner inform emerging regulation.

The automotive world is a veritable pillar in the world economy, with very tough challenges but also particularly exciting opportunities. Today, these partnerships between industry and academia have never been so important to be competitive. This paper explores how it benefits both parts and, more specifically, how academia can draw on them to benefit growth and innovation within the automotive world. The interrelation between the automotive sector and academic institutions develops an important engine of progress, defining the future of automotive engineering while creating further growth. In terms of collaboration, both the industries as well as academia gain from each other through shared research, talent development, and knowledge exchange. This creates expertise as well as an innovative boost for both partners. Where the car industry meets points like sustainability, automation, or electrification, such a partnership is surely essential. These new technologies therefore go a long way in developing new technologies, creating a skilled workforce, and even achieving an increasingly more sustainable and competitive automotive future.

Benefits of Industry-Academia Partnerships: Industry-academia interaction can stimulate growth in innovation into pioneering technologies and products. It could lead to innovations that will appear in the advanced level of materials, energy-efficient powertrains, and safety systems. Companies can fine-tune their competitive edge in the global market by unifying strengths from both sectors. For instance, while collaboration allows businesses to innovate new products and services that not only fit the changing demands of a consumer but also reduce costs and improve the efficiency of operations. What is more, these partnerships create a steady pipeline of skilled professionals ready for the challenges of the automotive industry. Students learn by participatingin internships, co-ops, and research projects, ensuring graduation with just the right set of skills and knowledge required to succeed in this highly evolving sector. Not merely part of a growth industry, these collaborations help to solve key issues for society, such as climate change, energy security, and better transportation infrastructure. It would mean that sustainable transportation solutions can be created through collaborative industry and academic work, emission cutting and energy efficiency boost for a more sustainable future.

Key Areas of Collaboration: Globalization has left virtually every country with a strong fight for a more prominent share of the market. This is the reason that most governments create policies to be competitive, innovative, and economically ahead of the rest. Given this context, there is no doubt that industry-academia partnerships are the necessities, mainly in fields such as the automobile sector. Collaboration in research activities is helping both parties overcome some of the biggest challenges which the industry faces, including development of electric vehicles, on-road autonomous drive technologies, green materials, and advanced manufacturing techniques. University-industry collaboration has been identified as one of the innovation drivers. Researchers from the academic side provide up-to-date theoretical knowledge, while partners from the industrial side provide know-how and can apply ideas to real challenges. Academic and industry involvement will provide access to new, up-to-date research findings and developing technologies as they are learned. Industry also provides valuable data in areas such as the performance of their vehicles, consumer behavior, and future market trends. This synchronization not only identifies new opportunities but also works on new upcoming obstacles. In addition, many automotive companies invest in academic research by providing funding for critical breakthroughs that will ensure innovative solutions can transition from the lab to the marketplace. Industry experts often interact with academia through the organization of workshops, lectures, and seminars besides providing financial support. Such interaction fosters an exchange of knowledge environment that could help build the upcoming engineers while continuing learning and cooperative efforts.

Talent Development: This industry gives the students practical experience through internships and co-op programs. Co-op programs combine studying and working so that the student can gain work experience in his field of study. What mainly makes studying in a co-op program interesting is that it allows students to build a clear career path by offering them practical work experience besides studying, while academia prepares them for roles in industry with specialized curricula and research opportunities. Many automotive companies collaborate with universities in their internship programs and cooperative education offerings, thereby allowing students to get hands-on experience working on actual engineering problems. Academic institutions also provide executive education programs that upscale industry professionals in this very field of interest. The programs frequently run under the themes of digital transformation, sustainability, and emerging technologies, keeping professionals ahead of the game where changes occur at a fantastic pace in the automotive landscape. This therefore makes the educational programs relevant and up-to-date with the current industrial trends, which enables the graduates to possess the set of skills obtained and enter the workforce fresh and updated. A very perfect example is the provision by Toyota investment in T-TEP institutes: they offer sizable investment through funding both training and hardware, plus ongoing support. So far, under this program, thousands of students have graduated, and around 60% of them have been absorbed into the Toyota Network, a very encouraging outcome that underlines the positive societal impact of such collaborations.

Policy and Regulation: Academia plays a crucial role in research-based inputs useful in framing important decisions made by policymakers in the automotive sector. It encompasses policy pieces on emissions standards, safety regulation, and infrastructure planning. They can push for policies that will boost growth and innovation in the sector through close collaboration between industry and academia. For example, such partnerships would go on to lobby government incentives for adopting electric vehicles or push for more investment in autonomous driving. It is refreshing then to note that a confluence of industry and academia could help drive technological progress and propel a more forward-thinking and sustainable automotive future.
If these strategies are involved, then collaborating problems can be turned into mutual opportunities that would push growth and innovation in ways that will benefit both academia and industry. However, despite these great promises of industry-academia partnerships, challenges exist, including cultural, timelines, and priorities differences between industry and academia. However, with these being sorted out, and a mutual culture developed between industry and academia, a symbiotic relationship must be created so that innovation and success are cherished. Over such obstacles, industry and academia can

• Established lines of communication: This helps ensure a mutual understanding of the mutual goals as well as expectations through regular communication and cooperation.
• Establish joint metrics: Establishing joint metrics of success can align the interests of the industry and academics, which signals benefitting both parties.
• Infrastructure investment: Investment in research facilities and other support services for students to enhance collaboration and ensure the success of partnerships.

Takeaway from this article:

Stronger ties with the academe would reap rich dividends for the automobile industry. Cooperation in research, talent development, and policy will give a boost to innovation and sustainable competitiveness in the automotive landscape. We must identify and then align the expertise of these technical institutes with industrial needs. In the face of globalization, almost all automobile companies have aligned their own industrial need with technical institute expertise across the world and ensured that fresh graduates were better equipped to understand industry norms and requirements. This is the right step forward for technical and vocational education, and it has a fair chance to elevate Pakistan and its people at the world level. It is now the time to act. By these steps, we will not only build a stronger interface of industry and academia but will also enrich the earning potential for Pakistani youths-that will bring much-needed strength to the economy of Pakistan in the near future.

This exclusive article has been published in Automark Magazine’s October-2024 printed and digital edition. Written by #Muhammad Rafique